


t 

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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 

















from: 


New York to White Mountains, 

GREEN MOUNTAINS. 




























































































































































































THE 

Massachusetts Mutual 

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY 

OF 

SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 


INCORPORATED 1S51. 


Total Assets, January ist, 1887, 
Total Liabilities, “ “ “ 


$8,554,065.32 

7,897,300.96 


Surplus by Massachusetts Standard, .... $656,764.36 

Surplus by New York Standard (about) . . . 1,192,000.00 

Number of Policies issued in 1886, 2 , 628 , insuring . 8,064,390.00 

Numberof Policies in force Dec. 31, 1886, 16 , 537 , insuring 41,246,538 00 


^HE MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSUR- 
ANCE COMPANY, of Springfield, is one of the 
oldest in the United States. 

It was incorporated in the year 1851 by the State 
of Massachusetts, which was the first in the Union 
to inaugurate an “Insurance Department,” thus 
instituting State supervision over its companies. 

It was also the first State to legislate concerning 
the forfeiture of policies of life insurance; its famous 
non-forfeiture law was passed in 1861 and amended 
in 1880. By the recent act of1887, life insurance leg¬ 
islation has reached a degree of perfection hereto¬ 
fore unknown. 

THIS Law requires that all policies issued by THE 
MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE 
COMPANY shall be non-forfeitable after the pay¬ 
ment oftwo annual premiums, without any further 
stipulation or act. This makes the amount of paid- 
up insurance to which the policyholder may be 
entitled, under any circumstances, absolutely guar¬ 
anteed. He may forget his policy, but his policy will 
never forget him. Also, that after the payment of 
two annual premiums, the insured may, on any 
subsequent anniversary of the date of issue of said 
policy, surrender the same, and claim and recover 
from the Company its “Surrender Value in Cash.** 
Said Cash Value is fixed by the law itself and cannot 
be changed. 


M. V. B. EDGERLY, President. JOHN A. HALL, Secretary. 
HENRY S. LEE, Vice-President. OSCAR B, IRELAND, Actuary. 






Vr x 


> V 


THE 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE: 


A GUIDE BOOK 

OF THE MOST DIRECT ROUTE FROM 


NEW YORK TO THE WHITE MOUNTAINS; 

WITH FULL DESCRIPTIONS OF 

New Haven, Hartford, Springfield, 

AND THE 

WHITE MOUNTAINS, 


Ind a brief description of towns and villages on the entire route, via 
New York, New Haven, Hartford and Springfield, Connecticut 
River, Central Vermont, Connecticut and Passumpsio 
Rivers, and Boston, Concord, Montreal and 
White Mountains Railroads. 


WITH. MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 



NEW YORK: 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 


18 & 20 ASTOR PLACE. 


n 



THE AMERICAN, 

BOSTON. 

CENTRAL LOCATION. PERFECT VENTILATION* 

UNEXCEPTIONABLE TABLE. 

PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE 

FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. 


SIX STAIRWAYS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM. 


With, every security against fire. 


Rooms ( $3.00 PER DAY 

with Meals, | and upwards. 


Rooms ( $1.00 PER DAY 

I and upwards. 


According 
to Size 
and 

Location. 


THE NEAREST FIRST CLASS HOTEL 

TO NORTHERN AND EASTERN DEPOTS, 

“ It is one of the most attractive and best managed of New England 
Hotels.”— N. T. Mail . 


HENRY B. RICE & GO. 



Hanover, 

near Washington SU 










INDEX 


Bald Mountain. 

Basin and Pool. 

Bath. 

Bellows Falls. 

Berlin Junction. 

Bemardstown. 

Boston, C., M. & White 

Mountains It. R. 

Bradford . 

Brattleboro’. 

Bridgeport. 

Bright wood. 

Cannon Mountain. 

Center Harbor. 

Charlestown. 

Chicopee. 

Claremont. 

Conn. & Pass. R. R. R.. 

Conn. River R. R. 

Cos Cob.. 

Crawford House. 

Dalton. 

Darien. 

Deerfield.. 

Dummerston.. 

Echo Lake... 

Ely. 

Enfield. 

Fabyan House ........ 

Fairfield.. .... 


nai 


Fairlee. , 90 

Five Mile River. , 21 

Flume. 107 

Franconia Mountains... 102 

Glen House. 116 

Gorham. 116 

Grand Central Depot.... 11 

Greenfield. 75 

Green’s Farms. 23 

Greenwich. 19 

Hanover. 88 

Harlem. 14 

Harrison. 18 

Hartford... 41 

Hartland. 86 

Haverhill. 91 

Hayden’s Station. 50 

Holyoke. 62 

H. & S. Div. N. Y. & N. 

H. R. R. 35 

Lake Winnipiseogee .... 53 

Lancaster.100 

Larchmont Manor. 17 

Lisbon. 95 

Littleton. 96 

Long Meadow.. 53 

Lyme. 89 

Mamaroneck. 17 

Meriden. 37 

Middletown.. 9t 


PAGE 

106 

107 

95 

81 

39 

76 

94 

90 

78 

24 

61 

106 

117 

84 

62 

85 

88 

61 

19 

110 

100 

21 

72 

79 

105 

90 

52 

110 

23 

























































The Full Principal Sum will be paid incasd 

of loss of both feet, both hands, a hand and a foot, or 
the entire sight of both eyes, by accident. 

amnFNTQ are always happening to those who 
nbulULil IO “Don’t Travel Much” as well as to 
** those who do. The quietest 

PROFESSIONAL *fAND*f BUSINESSWOMEN 


are as liable as any others to the thousand hazards of 
life, at home or abroad. 

"Moral: insure in The travelers." 



Company, 


S£C>-^V' 


ACCIDENT 

COMPANY 

OF AMERICA, 
LARGEST IN THE WORLD; 

Also, Best of Life Companies. 


ISSUES 

covering injuries received in 
Travel, Work, or Sport. 
DCQT I IFF PHI IPY in the Market. Indefeasible, 
DLOI Lire. rULIUI Non-Forfeitable, World-Wide. 


ACCIDENT POLICIES, 


PAID POIICT-IIOLDEBS $ 13 , 500 , 000 . 

All Claims paid without Discount, and immediately 
on receipt of Satisfactory Proofs . 


Assets, $9,111,000. Surplus, $2,129,000. 


J. G. BATTERSON, Pres. RODNEY DENNIS, Sec. 


One-third the Principal Sum will be paid 

for loss of a single hand or foot. 

























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The White Mountains 


[N a general way, the name White Mountains includes all that 
JL tract of lake and mountain country occupied by Coos, 
Grafton, Carrol, and Belknap Counties in the northern part 
of New Hampshire. It is naturally divided into three dis¬ 
tricts ; the lake country about Lake Winnipiseogee, Carrol 
and Belknap Counties, the Franconia Mountains at the west, 
in Grafton County, and the smaller and more lofty group of 
peaks at the north end centered about Mount Washington, in 
Coos County. This last district also extends in a south¬ 
westerly direction into Grafton County, and makes the true 
White Mountains, or White Hills, as they are more justly 
•ailed. 

Compared with the Alps, these mountains are indeed hills. 
Mount Washington scarce climbs a third way to the snow- 
elad height of Mount Blanc, and the Notch may be trifling 
beside the mighty rifts beneath the Jungfrau, and the cas¬ 
cades of Glen Ellis and the Flume may seem insignificant be¬ 
side the dizzy leap of the Staubach; but these are over the 
sea. Our Switzerland is at our very doors. It has all the 
grandeur of true mountains, combined with a hill and lake 
country as beautiful as anything in Europe. To this it adds 
a virgin freshness, a wild picturesqueness that Switzerland can 
never show. There are no squalid villages populous with 

7 





CONNECTICUT BIYEB BOUTS. 


beggars, extortion is not cultivated as an art by an entir* 
nation as there, and there are no ruins to hint decayed op¬ 
pression. These Alps are the home of an industrious and 
sober-minded people, happily careless of ruins, and not in¬ 
clined to view the tourist as a natural prey. 

As the Rhine leads the way to the Alps, so we have oui 
more lovely Connecticut, the natural pathway from the sea 
to the hills. Quite as striking and romantic in its more nar 
row passes, and as beautiful in others, it pours its waters al¬ 
most at our port, and brings the mountains within a day’s 
ride of New York. 

Though hardly half a century has passed since our travel¬ 
ing public began to visit the White Hills, yet it is both easy 
to get there, and easy to move about on entering the charm 
ing region. The best of roads, excellent stages and carefui 
drivers, and the home of the most costly and elegant hotels 
in the country, make it both pleasant and comparatively in¬ 
expensive to visit the lakes or mountains. The busy city 
man with only a day to spare, the sauntering tourist, the 
student, afoot with a view to economy, or the family seek¬ 
ing quiet and the fresh air of the woods and hills, may each 
and all visit this Switzerland, see everything of interest, and 
return to New York gainers in health and spirits, and confi 
dent of having made a good investment. 


THE ROUTES. 


T HERE are several routes to the White Mountains from 
New York. The most direct, the swiftest, and the best 
is by rail up the Connecticut Valley, and past New Haven, 
Hartford, Springfield, and Wells River to Littleton, just north¬ 
west of the Franconia Mountains, and west of the White 
Mountains, and the natural entrance to the whole White 

8 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS, 


Hills region. In the summer a palace car leaves the Grand 
Central Depot in New York at 9.00 A.M. and runs through 
without change to Fabyan House, White Mts., arriving there 
at 8:00 P.M. of same day, in time for supper. Another 
route, departing slightly from this, is by the way of Long Is¬ 
land Sound in steamboats to New Haven, and thence by rail. 

Another route maybe traced by the New London boats (01 
the Shore Line R. R.) to New London, and thence by Rail¬ 
road to Worcester, Mass.; thence, vii Groton Junction, to 
Nashua, N. H., Lake Winnipiseogee to White Mts., or on to 
Wells River, and Littleton to Fabyan House. 

Another route is to take any one of the five routes to 
Boston, and then by the Lowell Railroad to Lowell, Nashua, 
N. H., and so on by the Boston, Concord and Montreal Road. 
From Boston, boat or rail may be taken for Portland, Me. 
and by the Grand Trunk Railroad; the eastern side of the 
mountains may be reached at Gorham, or by the Portland 
and Ogdensburg Road to North Conway. This point may 
also be reached by rail from Portsmouth, N. H., which ii 
connected with Boston by the Boston and Maine Railroad. 

From Boston other rail routes may be taken via Lawrence, 
Mass., or the Boston and Maine, and thence, via Manches¬ 
ter, to Concord, N. H., and so on to Wells River. The Fitch¬ 
burg and Cheshire Roads also connect at Bellows Falls with 
the Central Vermont Road that leads up the Connecticut 
Valley. Of these routes the first is the best, the most direct, 
the most speedy and comfortable, and the most charming in 
point of natural scenery. 

Mere getting on is very well in its way, but the sensible 
traveler prefers th© cheap and ready pleasure of something 
to look at from the car-window. Furthermore, this route is 
the best because it ends with a climax. First comes the 
changing shores of the Sound ; then the level reaches of the 
lower Connecticut, then the graceful hills about Northamp 

1 * 9 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Ion, the picturesque passes at Bellows Falls, Windsor, and 
Wells River, and the Franconia hills growing higher and 
higher, and last of all the mountains, fit ending of the road. 
This is the true way to view a river. Start at the sea, and 
end with the splendid climax of the mountains. By thii 
route the entire Connecticut Valley is traversed, and some 
of the most striking and charming scenery in this country 
may he seen. This valley, extending from the Dominion of 
Canada to Long Island Sound, dividing the States of Vermont 
and New Hampshire, and crossing Massachusetts and Con¬ 
necticut, is the longest in New England, and one of the most 
beautiful and romantic in the Union. At Hartford, 50 miles 
from the sea, the river becomes navigable for vessels drawing 
8 feet of water, and at Middletown for those needing 10 feet, 
and below these points an extensive coastwise commerce is 
carried on. The water-power furnished by the river is the 
best in New England, and a large and growing manufacturing 
interest has sprung up along its banks. Agriculture in all 
its branches flourishes upon its fertile intervals, and in mar¬ 
ble, granite, and freestone vast stores of wealth are annually 
quarried, while to the student of nature its rocky hills make 
some of the most remarkable and interesting pages of the 
great stone picture book of geology. From sea to mountains 
this populous and beautiful valley is crowded with places 
well worth studying for their social, natural, and historical 
attractions, and as the journey advances each will be con¬ 
sidered in detail. Whatever the particular objects of the 
traveler, he will be sure to find much to entertain him, and 
every step will open a new surprise and pleasure in art or 
nature till he reaches the White Hills, the crowning point ol 
this delightful journey. 


' T: 

s._ 


10 


GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT. Fourth Avenue and 42d t-tieetj New York, 




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































new YORK to White mountains. 


New York—The Grand Central Depot. 

T HE immediate point of departure from New York is 
the Grand Central Depot at Forty-second Street, on 
Fourth Avenue, and about three miles from the City Hall. 
It is most easily reached from the lower part of the city 
by the Third Avenue line of the Manhattan Elevated Rail¬ 
way, from South Ferry and other stations, and the Fourth 
Avenue horse cars, which start from City Hall Park, oppo¬ 
site the Astor House, and at the entrance of the new Post- 
Office. The Third Avenue horse cars also bring their pas¬ 
sengers to within one block of the doors of the depot. On 
the west side of Broadway, the Elevated Railway and the 
Sixth Avenue horse cars, running from Vesey Street, next 
to Astor House, leave the passenger on Sixth Avenue at 
the corner of Forty-second Street, and from there the 
Forty-second Street line of horse cars will take passengers 
two blocks east to the depot. Omnibusses run up Fifth 
Avenue from Fourteenth Street, and leave the passenger 41 
at Forty-second Street. Here a walk to the east of only 
one block leads to the depot. The Second Avenue horse 
cars from Peck Slip, or the Second Avenue Elevated Rail¬ 
way may be taken to Forty-second Street, whence the 
Forty-second Street line of horse cars will take one two 
blocks west to the R. R. station. 

The Grand Central Depot is occupied by three railroads* 
the New York Central and Hudson River, the New York and 
Harlem, and the New York and New Haven Railroads. They 
use the train-house in common, each having four tracks. 
Our trip is by the New York and New Haven Road, and to 
reach the proper cars, we enter by the southern doors on 
Forty-second Street. The baggage entrance is by the door at 
the right. The passengers’ rooms are entered from the 

11 


INTERIOR VIEW OF GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT. 


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CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


street, and the ticket-office is in the centre of the room, 
jfhe booking office for drawing-room and sleeping-cars, and 
the package office is at the right, and the doors leading ta 
the cars are on both sides of the general ticket office. The 
ladies’ room is at the left, and the gentlemen’s to the right 
The clock by the ticket-office indicates the departure of the 
next train, and the clocks on the walls give the correct rail¬ 
road time. When the trains are ready the doors to the plat¬ 
forms are unlocked, and the gate-man announces the train. 
Signs also indicate such directions as the traveler may need. 
There is a news-stand, telegraph office, and other convenien¬ 
ces, but no restaurant. Lunch-rooms and dining-saloons may 
be easily found in the neighborhood, and at the Grand Union 
Hotel immediately opposite. 

From the waiting-rooms the traveler enters the vast and 
magnificent train-house—one of the largest and most beau¬ 
tiful halls in the world. With the brick head house on 
Forty-second Street, the building is 696 feet long and 250 
feet wide, and over this is thrown the light iron arches that 
tarry the immense roof of iron and glass ninety-five feet over¬ 
head. The great sweep of these arches, their fine finish and 
admirable color, and the fine proportions of the whole, make 
it worth the while to pause a moment on the stone platform 
to admire the building. Twelve tracks with suitable plat¬ 
forms give accommodation for over 140 cars, and enable a 
thousand people to arrive and depart at the same moment, 
vid without the slightest confusion and inconvenience. 

12 


HEW TORE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The New York and New Haven Railroad 

IT AKES the first link of the chain of roads extending from 
liA New York to the White Mountains. It is one of the 
finest and most successful lines in the country. By its con 
nections at New Haven and Bridgeport it taps all the leading 
lines of New England, and becomes the great trunk route to 
New York, and by its connections at Springfield it leads to 
Boston and the east. It is provided with a double track 
throughout, and it joins the Harlem Railroad at William’s 
Bridge, about 16 miles north of the Grand Central Depot. 
From this point the line pays the Harlem Road a toll on 
every passenger, and runs its cars over that road without 
change into the city, to the Grand Central Depot at 42d 
Street. The New Rochelle Branch leads from New Rochelle 
Depot to the Harlem River, and, besides accommodating the 
residents of New Rochelle, East-Chester, Westchester, and 
West Farms, with a short route to N. Y. City, it forms a 
part of the through route from Boston to Washington, the 
through cars being ferried around New York from Harlem 
River to Jersey City. Bjston express trains run through 
from New York to Boston without any change. The roll¬ 
ing stock is of the best, and the management is in every 
respect first-class, so that the traveler is sure of safety, speed 
and comfort. The construction of the road was finished, 
and it was opened for travel as far as New Haven, in Janu¬ 
ary, 1849, and the double track was laid in 1854. 

From New Rochelle the New Haven Division skirts the 
shore of Long Island Sound, affording a continuous succession 
of charming seaside views, and at every few miles it passei 
towns and villages famous for their manufactures or rura? 
beauty. A large population along the line of the road de 

1 ° 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


pends upon New York for business, and the homes thus 
scattered along the shore give many glimpses of elegant and 
retired home-life. Spacious and comfortable summer hotels 
are open at every point of interest, and the tourist might well 
spend a month loitering along the line of this picturesque 
and charming road. 

The passenger by day should endeavor to secure a seat on 
the right hand side of the car. This will give many fine 
views of the Sound between New Rochelle and New Haven, 
and on the river between Hartford and Windsor Locks. It 
is true this is the sunny side of the car, but in the summer 
time it is generally the breezy side, the windward side as a 
sailor would say, and decidedly the best, whether the shady 
side or not. 

On leaving the depot the train enters the track yards and 
passes under the iron bridges that connect the streets on 
either side of Fourth Avenue. Almost immediately the out¬ 
look and daylight are cut off by the darkness of the great 
tunnel extending under the street to Harlem. Central Park 
on the west, the fine buildings of the Woman’s Hospital, and 
Columbia College are passed, but in the darkness all these, 
and the vast city extending for more than fifty blocks north¬ 
ward, is lost to sight. The lamps, before unnoticed, give suf¬ 
ficient light for comfort, and in a very few moments the train 
breaks into the daylight again at 

HARLEM, 

New York City and County, 4 miles from Grand Central 
Depot. 

The numerous underground stations in the tunnel, that 
with their lamps flashed past so quickly, give place to an ex¬ 
tensive view over this rapidly growing portion of the city, it* 
factories, mills, blocks of dwellings, and the steamers and 
pleasure craft in Harlem River. Off to the right is seen the 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


buildings on Randall’s Island, and the whole scene is at onoe 
animated and interesting. A fine iron bridge, with a draw 
in the center, leads over the river, and we enter the district 
recently annexed to New York City from Westchester County. 

To the left on the river at Third Avenue is a new bridge 
joining the island to the mainland, and between Seventh and 
Eighth Avenues is the Central Bridge. Still further west is 
King’s Bridge, at the end of the Broadway extension, and 
High Bridge, a fine stone bridge carrying the Croton Aqueduct 
114 feet above the river. This bridge is an object of great 
interest, and being located among charming rural scenes is a 
noted place of resort. To reach it full directions may be 
obtained from Tain tor's New York City Guide. 

The Harlem River was formerly known by the name of 
Spuyten Duyvil Creek, named from Washington Irving’s 
legend of the old Dutch trumpeter in the Knickerbocker. 
The western or upper part of the river where it unites with 
the Hudson is so called at this time. 

On crossing the river we enter a semi-rural district, and 
pass a succession of new and thriving villages that are rapidly 
spreading and joining, so that they will soon unite and form 
a continuous city northward from Harlem River. Mott 
Haven, Melrose and Morrisania stations are passed, and the 
short branch line extending a couple of miles to the south¬ 
east and Port Morris may be seen at the last station. In 
the next township, West Farms, we begin to escape the 
city houses, and after passing one or two minor stations pase 

WILLIAM’S BRIDGE, 

West Farms , Westchester Co,, N. Y., 10£ miles from N. Y. 

Town Population , 9,372. 

This is the present northern limit of the City of New York, 
the dividing line between Westchester County and the city 
being just south of the station. 

15 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 

The village is situated on both sides of the little Brona 
River that may be seen near the station. The Bronx Valley 
extends northward from here, and makes a convenient path 
for the Harlem Railroad. It is here, among the groves on 
the western side of the stream, that Woodlawn Cemetery is 
located. It is tastefully laid out, has a picturesque site, and 
is one of the most attractive of the New York cemeteries. 
Nothing of the cemetery can be seen from the road except 
its local station, and to reach it full directions may be ob¬ 
tained from Taintor's New York City Guide. 

Presently the junction of the Harlem and New Haven 
Railroads is reached, and we leave the former, and without 
stopping enter the latter. The road turns sharply off to the 
south-east, and in a few moments we reach 

MOUNT VERNON, 

Eastchester, Westchester Co ., N. Y., 13| miles from N. Y. 

Village Population, 2,700. 

This is the first of a long series of towns on the N. Y. & N. H. 
R. R., after it leaves the Harlem Junction, that are rapidly 
filling up with residents from New York, people who do 
business in the city, and have homes out on the line of the 
road. The road next crosses a valley and stream, running 
south into the Sound, known as Hutchinson’s Creek, and 
passes 

PELHAMVILLE, 

Pelham, Westchester Co., N Y., 15£ miles from N. Y. Town 
Peculation, 1,790. 

The village is at the northern end of the township, and on 
the east bank of the stream. The town itself was formerly 
a part of “ Pelham Manor,” which was purchased for the 
French Huguenots, who settled in this vicinity. After leaving 
the station, the road enters a strip of woods and comes to 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS, 


NEW ROCHELLE, 

New Rochelle, Westchester Co., N. Y., 17 miles from N. P. 

Population of the village, 3,27^ ; of the town , 3,915. 

Nothing of the village can be seen from the station, as the 
place fronts on the Sound, a short distance to the right. It 
is a pleasant place, and was incorporated in 1857, and origi¬ 
nally made a part of the Huguenot settlement that was made 
hereabouts in 1690. There are many private villas belonging 
to New York business people, and it is noted as the former 
residence of Thomas Paine. He died here in 1809, and was 
buried on his farm. His monument is still shown ; but the 
remains were removed to England by William Cobbett some 
years since. The Neptune House, on the Sound, about a 
mile from the R. R. Station, is one of the finest summei 
resorts in the country. It commands a fine view of the 
Sound, and affords excellent opportunities for bathing, fish¬ 
ing and sailing. Its surroundings are remarkably charming, 
and its grounds embrace twenty acres of lawn and grove. 

LARCHMONT MANOR. 

Mamaroneck, Westchester Co., N. Y., 18| miles from N. Y. 

The depot is in the woods, and there is a horse railroad 
leading away to the right towards the villages on the shore. 

MAMARONECK, 

Mamaroneck , Westchester Co., N. Y, 20f miles from N. Y. 

Town Population , 1,483. 

The Mamaroneck River divides this township from Rye 
that lies next to the east, and the village is partly in both 
towns. It is rather widely scattered over the low hills on the 
banks of the stream, and is a growing and active place. 
This region possesses some historical interest from the fact 
that here, the day before the battle of White Plains, Colonel 
Smallwood surprised and cut off a large body of the enemy, 
under Major Rogers, stationed upon Nelson Hill. Colonel 
White, of the Continental Army, and some thirty straggler! 

IT 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


who had taken refuge upon the ice, here lost their lives bj 
being overtaken by a party under Lieutenant Dickford, about 
the same time. Just beyond the station, the railroad crosses 
the Mamaroneck River on an arched stone bridge, and enters 
the town of Rye. After passing a number of farms and 
some woodland, the train comes to 

HARRISON, 

Rye, Westchester Go., N. Y., 22% miles from JY. Y. 

This is a new station, opened for the use of the city resi¬ 
dents, and has no special interest. The pretty village of 
Ryo, on the east bank of Mockynams, or Blind Brook, soon 
comes into sight on the right. 

RYE, 

Rye , Westchester Co., N. Y., 24£ miles from AT. Y. Town 
Population, 7,150. 

Rye Beach, a popular seaside resort, lies to the south-east 
about two miles, and may be easily reached from this sta¬ 
tion. Leaving Rye we enter a farming country, and soon 
come to 

PORT CHESTER, 

Rye, Westchester Go., N. Y., 25£ miles from N. Y. ViUayt 
Population, 3,797. 

This is a lively and prosperous village on the west bank of 
Byram River, that forms the boundary line between the 
States of New York and Connecticut. The stream is navigable 
for small coastwise vessels to the town, and these, with the 
manufactories, bring considerable business to the place. 
There are a number of private schools, five churches, and 
several mills located here. Just beyond the station, the 
road crosses the river, and enters East Port Chester in Con¬ 
necticut. Good views of the Sound to the right are here ob¬ 
tained, and in a few moments to the left may be seen thf 
village of 


18 


NEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


GREENWICH, 

Greenwich, Fairfield Co ., Conn ., 28$ miles from If, f. 

Town Population , 7,892. 

The valley that opens here gives a fine view to the right, 
over the Sound and the distant hills of Long Island, and oi 
the village on the left. The road crosses the little stream, 
and enters the village that stands on the east bank. The 
stone spires of the two churches, and the many elegant resi¬ 
dences in the town, give the place an attractive appearance; 
and its wide prospect over the water makes it a most agreea¬ 
ble place for a home. Just after leaving the station, the 
road passes a rock-cutting, that is interesting from the fact 
that it passes through the hill made historic by General 
Israel Putnam’s famous ride down its steep and rocky sides. 
There was a church at the top of the hill, and to reach it a 
long flight of stone steps had been laid, a hundred feet or 
more up the hillside. General Putnam, with a small party, 
had been stationed at the top of the hill in the hopes of 
checking the advance of the English under General Tryon. 
Being outnumbered, he ordered his men to retreat into the 
swamp on the east. He waited till every man was safely 
away, and then, just as the troopers were upon him, he 
dashed on horseback down the steps and escaped unharmed, 
and with only a bullet hole in his hat by way of reminder. 
The English general was so pleased with the bravery of the 
daring ride that on the next exchange of prisoners he pre ¬ 
sented General Putnam with a new suit of clothes and hat. 
Nothing remains now to mark the spot, exoept the name of 
“Put’s Hill” that still clings to the place. 

COS COB, 

Greenwich) Fairfield Co., Conn., 80 miles from If. Y. 

This village is not in sight from the road, but a large num* 
ber of pleasant seaside villas may be noticed on the thoro to 

^9 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


the right. Just beyond the station, the road crosses the Mi 
antus River upon a drawbridge about forty feet above the 
water. Good views may be obtained both up and down 
stream from the bridge, and from the new and pretty village 
on the east bank known as 

RIVERSIDE, 

Greenwich, Fairfield Co., Conn., 30| miles from N. Y. 

A constant succession of most charming views here open 
to the right. Glimpses of beach villas and gardens, and of 
the Sound and its constantly passing vessels, chain the at¬ 
tention till the houses thicken, and we near 

STAMFORD, 

Stamford, Fairfield Co., Conn., 33f miles from N. Y. Town 
Population, 11,298. 

This is one of the most beautiful towns on the shores of 
the Sound. All express trains stop here, and a large num¬ 
ber of wealthy New York families make it their summer 
residence. The city is mainly located about half a mile 
north of the station, and has a large number of fine parks 
and drives. Only a few of its more elegant residences can 
be seen from the cars. Passengers for the New Canaan Rail¬ 
road change cars here. The large, high brick building stand¬ 
ing just north-east of the depot is the billiard table manu¬ 
factory of H. W. Collender, whose elegant and extensive 
warerooms at 788 Broadway, New York, are familiar to 
most New Yorkers. Mr. Collender’s “ Standard American 
Billiard Tables ” are unquestionably the finest made in this 
country, and are placed at the head of the list by both 
amateur and professional players Some of the tables arc 
exquisite specimens of art, highly ornamental and scientific 
in their construction. Various kinds of wood are used in 
the cases of the tables, which are finished in the natural 
wood, and in a great variety of designs. They are 

20 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


mmished with the “ Collender Combination Cushion,” which 
Mr. Collender has himself invented and patented, and which 
is highly prized by both amateur and expert players. Mr. 
Collender also manufactures all kinds of billiard goods of 
the very finest quality of materials. His warerooms are a 
grand depot of all the requirements for either saloon or pri¬ 
vate tables, and they exhibit the largest and best variety of 
materials of this kind to be found in the United States. 
The Stamford, or Trone River furnishes water-power for the 
manufactures of the village, and a canal cut through the 
marshes enables vessels and steamers to reach the town. The 
river is crossed on a stone bridge that gives a good view of 
the Sound to the right, and then the road enters a pleasant 
farming district. The next station is 

NOROTON, 

Stamford , Fairfield Co., Conn., 37 £ miles from N. 7, 

This is a farming place on the water side, and as we pass 
there is a momentary sight of the little village off to tho 
right. 

DARIEN, 

Darien. Fairfield Co., Conn ., 38 £ miles from N. 7. Town 
Population , 1,808. 

The village may be seen from the Sound to the right, per¬ 
haps half a mile away on the Goodwife River. All this 
country affords lovely views of the shore and the Sound, and 
there is much to please the eye at every mile. 

FIVE MILE RIVER, 

Darien, Fairfield Co., Conn., 39£ miles from N. 7. 

Another village of seaside farms, and then, for several 
miles, the road runs through a quiet and rather pleasing 
country, and approaches 


OONHEOTTOUT BITER ROUTE. 


SOUTH NORWALK, 

Norwalk, Fairfield Co., 43$ miles from AT. T. Town Popw 

lation , 13,956. 

The village that has grown up about the station is knows 
as South Norwalk. Norwalk is about a mile and a half to 
the north, up the Norwalk River, and the two places are 
united by a horse railroad. The river here affords one of 
the largest and most valuable oyster farms on our coast, and 
the planting and care of this submarine crop gives employ¬ 
ment to over 500 people, and brings half a million of dollars 
into the town every year. The manufacture of straw hats 
is also a large interest, and gives employment to over 2,000 
hands. The streets are wide, well planted with trees, and 
there is a general air of neatness and comfort about the 
houses. There are nine churches in the two villages, and 
the hills on either side afford charming sites for private 
places. The factories and mills are substantial buildings, at 
once attractive and suggestive of prosperous industry. In 
every direction fine views are afforded of sea and shore. 
The Danbury and Norwalk Railroad here joins the New 
Haven Road, giving access to Danbury, some 24 miles 
to the north, and to the villages of Winnepauk, Kent, Wilton, 
Cannons, Georgetown, Ridgefield, Sanford’s, Redding, and 
Bethel. Norwalk was almost totally destroyed by the Brit¬ 
ish in July, 1779, causing a loss then estimated at $116,000. 
Just beyond the station the road crosses the Norwalk River 
on a drawbridge. This bridge was the scene of a great 
railroad disaster several years since, caused by an open draw. 
By a law passed by the Legislature of Connecticut in conse¬ 
quence of that accident, all trains now pause before crossing 
drawbridges in this State, as will be noticed at every navi¬ 
gable stream we pass. After leaving the river many fin« 
news may be observed on the right as the train skirts the 
borders of the Sound. The next station is 

92 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


WESTPORT, 

Westport, Fairfield Go., Conn., 44} miles from N. F, 
Town Population , 3,361. 

This active manufacturing village is not visible from th« 
Btation, as it is located some two miles to the north, up the 
Saugatuck, or Westport River. It contains several cotton 
and other mills, eight churches, and a large number of stores. 
Coastwise vessels easily pass up the stream to the town. As 
the train crosses the river a fine view may be obtained to 
the right down the stream. The road soon enters a more 
level country, and the scenery becomes very interesting. 

GREEN’S FARMS, 

Westport, Fairfield Co., Conn., 47} miles from N. T. 

This is merely a farming place, only interesting on account 
of its charming site on the shore. Here the views of the 
Sound widen, and the low hills of Long Island fade away to 
the distant horizon, far to the south, giving the prospect a 
character at once peculiar and beautiful. 

SOUTHPORT, 

Fairfield, Fairfield Go ., Conn., 49} miles from N. T. 

This beautiful village, with its pretty villas and fine public 
buildings spread out over its wide and level meadows be¬ 
tween the road and the shore, presents a most attractive 
appearance. It is in the south-west corner of the town < f 
Fairfield and contains three or four handsome churches, two 
banks, an academy, and a fine public high school building. 
It has a good harbor, and its people have a large ship¬ 
ping interest. It was within the limits of this town, 
in the old “Pequot Swamp,” that the Pequot Indians 
made their last stand against the Massachusetts and Connec¬ 
ticut troops in 1637, when they were exterminated by the 
white people under command of Captain Mason. 

23 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


FAIRFIELD, 

Fairfield , Fairfield Co., Conn., 51 miles from N. Y, Town pop¬ 
ulation, 3,748. Hotel— Allen's. 

Fairfield village stands on a fertile plain south of the rail¬ 
road, and about half a mile from Long Island Sound. The 
principal street is quite broad, running nearly parallel with 
the railway, and is built up with handsome and commodi¬ 
ous residences, in the midst of which stands a fine Congre¬ 
gational church. Danbury and Fairfield are the two county 
towns of Fairfield County. Fairfield is one of the oldest 
towns in Connecticut. It was founded in 1639 by a company 
from the west of England. The village was burnt July 7, 
1779, by General Try on, who sailed the day before from New 
Haven. Two hundred houses were on fire at once, and dur¬ 
ing the conflagration a terrific thunder-storm arose, produc¬ 
ing a scene of terrible grandeur. North of the village, near 
the middle of the township, is “ Greenfield Hill,” the scene 
of President Dwight’s poem of that name. Fairfield’s glory 
is its cultivated society, its handsome residences and beau¬ 
tifully shaded streets, and its freedom from factories and 
their attendant annoyances. Ocean surf is not to be enjoyed 
here, but the salt-water bathing in the Sound is excellent. 

Allen’s Hotel, E. S. Allen, manager, is one of the most 
perfectly butit hotels in the State. It is finished in hard¬ 
wood throughout, and its large, airy rooms are comfortably 
furnished and supplied with ample closets. The house is 
situated in the center and most pleasant part of Fairfield 
village, less than five minutes’ walk from the R. R. station, 
post-office and telegraph office. It is but a few steps from 
the finest beach for bathing on L. I. Sound. The beach has 
a hard, white, sandy bottom, and is perfectly safe at all times. 
The bathing-houses connected with the house are free to its 
guests. There is a good livery stable connected with the 
house, with ample accommodations for keeping private turn¬ 
outs. Boats for sailing and fishing, with competent attend¬ 
ants, can be obtained at any time desired. 

24 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


BLACK ROCK VILLAGE 

Is a short distance east, on one of the finest harbors on the 
Connecticut coast. The vicinity is a gently rolling country, 
penetrated by roads passing through scenes of great beauty. 

Geobge Hotel, “ on the Sound,” managed by George A. 
Wells, is a magnificent seaside resort, standing within 100 
feet of the shore, and commanding surpassingly beautiful 
views of the Sound and surrounding country. Extensive 
improvements have been made, and now include new kitch¬ 
ens and bakeries apart from the hotel, artesian wells, new 
pagodas, and gas-works. Several handsome and elegantly 
furnished cottages adjoin the hotel, which are rented by the 
season. The extensive grounds have been elegantly laid out 
for lawn tennis, croquet, archery, and other outdoor amuse¬ 
ments. Taylor’s erratic spinner, together with new billiard 
and pool tables, have been added. These, with the unsur¬ 
passed bathing, boating and fishing, make the “George” 
one of the most attractive hotels on Long Island Sound. 

BRIDGEPORT, 

Fairfield Go., Conn., 55 \ miles from N. Y. Population, 29,148. 

Hotels —Sterling House and Atlantic House. 

Bridgeport is a city of great manufacturing importance. 
As the train stops at the station the great shops of the Elias 
Howe Sewing-Machine Company, and the foundries of the 
Bridgeport Brass Company may be seen on the right, sug¬ 
gestive monuments to the business and enterprise of this 
growing and prosperous place. The site of the city is level, 
and extends along the wide mouth of the Pequonnoc River, 
known as Bridgeport harbor. To the north the land rises 
slightly, giving opportunity for many fine streets and ave¬ 
nues. Manufactures are the chief interests, and among these 
may be mentioned the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine 
shops, whose buildings cover acres of ground; the Hotch¬ 
kiss Hardware Manufactory, the American Waterproof Co., 
the Simpson Waterproof Co., Bridgeport Patent Leather 
Co., Union Metallic Cap and Cartridge Co., Sharp’s Rifle 
Manufacturing Co., Williams Silk Company, Fred Wood Car- 

24a 


HEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


liage Co., and a branch of the New Haven Arms Co., are the 
more noted of the many large manufacturing establishments 
located here. The city has two fine parks, Washington Park, 
on the east bank of the river, and Seaside Park, at the beach 
on the Sound. There are a number of fine churches and a 
large public library. The city has also the proud distinction 
of being the birth-place of Charles S. Stratton, commonly 
known as General Tom Thumb. Next to its manufactures 
Bridgeport owes its prosperity to its railroad connections. 
Two linos center here and drain the richest portion of the 
State. The Housatonic Railroad extends up the valley of 
that name into Massachusetts, and taps the Boston and Al¬ 
bany Railroad at Pittsfield, Mass. The Naugatuck, a shorter 
line, follows the New Haven Road to the mouth of the Hou 
satonic River, and then turns north some 67 miles to Win 
sted. The Housatonic Road brings the city in connection 
with the towns and cities of Stepney, Botsford, Newtown, 
Hawleyville, Brookfield, New Milford, Kent, Cornwall, 
Sharon, and Canaan, in Connecticut, and Ashley Falls, Shef¬ 
field, Great Barrington, Van Deusenville, Stockbridge, Lee, 
Lenox, and Pittsfield, in Massachusetts. At Canaan it con¬ 
nects with the Connecticut Western Railroad, running from 
Hartford, Conn., to Millerton, N. Y., on the Harlem R. R.; 
at Van Deusenville with a short road to State line on the 
B. and A. R. R. ; and at Pittsfield with the Boston and Al¬ 
bany Railroad. 

The Naugatuck Railroad places Bridgeport in connection 
with Orange, Derby, Ansonia, Seymour, Naugatuck, Union 
City, Waterbury, Waterville, Watertown, Plymouth, Har- 
winton, Litchfield, Torrington, Burrville, and Winsted. At 
Winsted it connects with the Connecticut Western Railroad, 
running from Hartford, Conn., to Millerton, N. Y., on the 
Harlem R. R., and at Waterbury with the Hartford, Provi 

$ 25 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


dence, and Fishkill It. R., running from Waterbury, Conn., t« 
Hartford, Conn., and Providence, R. I. 

After crossing the river our route enters a level fanning 
district, and presently passes the pretty village of 

STRATFORD, 

Stratford, Fairfield Co., Conn ., 59£ miles from N. 7. Town 
Population , 3,032. 

This place has some historical note as the birth-place and 
residence of General Wooster, of Revolutionary fame. The 
next place of interest is the Housatonio River. Here the road 
crosses the river on a large truss-bridgft, and good views are 
afforded both up and down stream. 

NAUGATUCK JUNCTION 

Is merely the junction of the two roads and has no special 
interest. A more hilly and wooded country follows, with 
occasional views of the Sound, now so wide that the hills of 
Long Island seem to fade away on the horizon, dim and blue 
in the distance, and giving a most charming aspect to the 
prospect. A more level tract leads to the neighborhood of 

MILFORD, 

Milford, New Haven Co., Conn., 63 J miles from N. T. Town 
Population, 3,405. 

At the Housatonic River we entered this township and the 
county of New Haven, and nearing this village we come 
closer to the seashore and have a glimpse of some of the 
broad, elm-lined streets of this rural town and of its excellent 
harbor. The Wopowang River here gives a good water¬ 
power that has been applied to the manufacture of straw 
goods. There are five churches, a number of stores, and a 
high-school building of some importance. After crossing the 
river a farming district is entered, and the road passe** the 
•mall rural stations of Woodmont and West Haven, 

2(j 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


WEST HAVEN. 


Orange, New Haven Co., Conn., 70 miles from New York 
Town population, 2,600. 

This village is in the south-east corner of Orange Town 
ship, near the line of the City of New Haven, of which it it 
a suburb, and with which it is connected by a line of horse 
cars, as well as by the N. Y. & N. H. R. R. It is one of the 
very pleasant villages for which the Connecticut shore of 
Long Island Sound is famous, and is beautifully shaded with 
magnificent elm trees. It lies on the shore of Long Island 
Sound, and has long been a noted s^side resort. Near the 
hotels are beautiful groves which, with the beach, afford 
delightful walks and lounging places, and the country nea. 
furnishes opportunity for charming drives and out door 
excursions. The long, smooth beach extending nearly one 
mile seaward, affords remarkably safe bathing for ladies and 
children, and yet sufficient depth of water for expert swim¬ 
mers. The fishing is excellent, and boats and all the acces¬ 
sories for sea-shore pleasures are readily obtainable. 


COLLEGE SONGS. 


CARMINA YALENSIA.—A New Collection of Yale and 
other College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments, 
and Engraving of Yale College Buildings. Extra cloth, $1.50 Extra 
cloth, full gilt, $1.75. 

SONGS OF COLUMBIA.—A New Collection of Columbia 
College Songs with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound in 
extra cloth, showing the College Colors, blue and white. Price, $1.50. 

SONG SHEAF.—A Collection of Vocal Music, arranged in one, 
two, three and four parts, with complete elementary course for schools, 
academies and social circle. Price, boards, by mail, 75 cents. 

HAPPY HOURS.—A New Song Book for Schools, Academies 
and the Home Circle. 188 pp. 12mo. Price, boards, 50 cents. 

INTRODUCTION TO ELOCUTION.— By Prof. Mark Bailey. 
60 pp. 12mo. Price, cloth, 50 cents. 

HISTORICAL EPOCHS.—The Great Fwmts of History in 
Condensed Form, with System of Mnemonics. Price, cloth, 50 cents. 


Any of above books sent by max', post-paid , on receipt of price. 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

1© eSc 2© -A-stor Place, We-w "STorte- 





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HOTEL CONVERSE, 

160 STATE STREET, 

NEW HAVEN, CONN. 


AND 

GROVE COTTAGE, 
Savin Rock. 


H. A. CONVERSE, Proprietor. 
FRED. J. BRAINERD, Manager. 


OPEN ALL. NIGHT. 

Horse Cars Pass the Door Every Six Minutes. 

Only two blocks from the depot. Has all modem improvements. 
Rooms are large, light and airy, and heated by steam. Hot and cold 
water, Bath Rooms, etc. . 

When the guests arrive they will receive polite attention from Mr. 
Brainerd, the manager, and the two popular clerks, Mr. Harry Vaughan,.- 
recently of the Waldo House, Worcester, and Mr. E. L. Marion, whom 
Mr. Converse has carefully selected to make them feel at home. Price 
$2 per day. 

Grove Cottage is situated at Savin Rock. Has thirty pleasant rooms, 
and table surpassed by none, at the moderate price of $2 per day. 
Special rates for the season. c 

DOUBLE BEACH HOUSE, 

Eight Miles from New Haven, on Shore Line R. R. 

BRANFORD, CONN. 

The undersigned wish to announce to the public that they have 
purchased this property, and after thoroughly renovating, will open 
the House about June 11th. 

Mr. Wm. M. Kimball, for the past five years with the Massasoit \ 
House, of Springfield, will give his special attention to the welfare and 
comfort of the guestS of the House. The services of Mrs. F. CJ 
Haskell, the late manager of the House, will be retained. 

This Hotel is most beautifully situated, on the waters’ edge of Long 
Island Sound. The Boating, Bathing and Fishing are excellent. 

A Stable is connected with the House, where teams will be well cared 
for, making it desirable for people coming to this house to avail them¬ 
selves of the many beautiful drives for which this town is renowned. 

Double Beach is accessible by stage from New Haven Depot three 
times daily. Railroad trains from all points connect with the Shore Line 
Railroad, whose trains stop at Branford Station four times daily, each 
way. Carriages always at the Station to convey passengers to the House. 
Prices $12.00 to $16.00 per week. 

^ CLARK 4, KIMBALL. 

' * > 1 SF-V > 4 











CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


NEW HAVEN. 


New Haven Co., Conn. Pop. of City, 63,000. 7Sm.fr. N. Y. 
Hotels, New Haven House, Converse, Elliott, Tontine. Tremont. 
HE fine new station built on tbe very edge of the bay is 



JL of brick with a French roof, and having iron covered 
platforms extending along the track. The entire platform is 
inclosed by a high fence, quite excluding it from the street. 
The prominent hotel is Moseley’s New Haven House, corner 
of Chapel and College streets, and opposite the ‘"Green” 
and Yale College grounds. It is an admirably kept hotel, 
where the furnishing and general conduct of the house in- 



MOSELEY S NEW HAVEN HOUSE. 


sure comfort and elegance. The table is of superior excel¬ 
lence, and the substantials and delicacies are served in the 
most inviting style. Dr. Holland, the editor of “ Scribner’s 
Magazine,” a gentleman of extensive travel and culture, 
thus speaks of this hotel : “ Moseley’s New Haven House, 
New Haven, Ct., is owned and kept by S. H. Moseley, who 
was formerly one of the proprietors of the charming Bre- 
voort House, in New York City; and even before that was 


27 




CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


one inspiring genius of that national favorite, the Massasoit 
House, Springfield, Mass. His house fronts Yale College and 
the Green, and looks out upon the most beautiful array of 
elms of which any New England city can boast. For the 
transient guest, or summer or winter boarder, we can 
imagine nothing more charming and satisfactory than this 
hotel, with its atmosphere of refined and quiet comfort. It 
is the hotel of New Haven. Mr. Moseley also keeps the 
Hotel Eestaurant in the depot of the New York & New 
Haven Eailroad. The freshness of its supplies, and the 
excellence of its cooking, place this restaurant far ahead 
of the ordinary railroad eating-house. 

The Hotel Converse is at 160 State Street, only two blocks 
from the E. E. Depot and not far from Chapel Street, the 
chief retail street of the city. Its rooms are large, light 
and well ventilated, and the whole house is fitted with 
modern improvements. It is supplied with hot and cold 
water, and has plenty of bathrooms, etc. The prices for 
board are $2.00 per day. Mr. Converse also keeps the 
summer house Grove Cottage at Savin Eock, which has 
thirty very pleasant rooms for summer guests. The table 
of this house is quite superior, and the price of board is 
only $2.00 per day, with special rates for long periods. 

The Elliott House, on the corner of Chapel and Olive 
Streets, is another excellent hotel. It was built only a few 
years ago, and was constructed with such modern conven¬ 
iences as are expected in a first-class hotel. It is near the 
business center of New Haven, on the principal retail street, 
and only one block from State Street, the great wholesale 
street of the city. The proprietor, Mr. Samuel H. Crane, 
aims to furnish a good table, comfortable beds, and com¬ 
modious rooms. Horse-cars pass the house to and from 
the Steamboat Landing and the E. E. Depots. 

New Haven derives its striking features from the 
enormous elm trees that line its every street, and 
which interlock their luxuriant branches in graceful 
arches over the beautiful avenues of this classic city. The 

28 


NEW TORE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


streets axe laid out very regularly ; but tbe various group* 
of blocks do not fit in every direction, and the result gives 
a variety and picturesqueness to the city that is very pleas¬ 
ing. Everywhere stand the overarching elms that hava 
made New Haven famous. Each house attempts a garden, 
and these with the trees give the impression of a city in the 
country. An hour’s walk from the depot will show all the 
principal features of interest, and give a very fair idea of the 
town and its surroundings. From the depot two streets may 
be seen leading over the old marsh that is now being filled up 
between the houses and the new station. Taking the road 
to the right we enter State Street, the chief business thor¬ 
oughfare. This street extends from the water at Long 
wharf north-easterly through the business part of the city. 
At the second block is Chapel Street, the main thoroughfare 
extending east and west through the entire town. Turning 
to the left we enter the great retail business street. The 
Yale, Tradesmen’s, City, Townsend’s and First National 
Banks, and Exchange Hall are passed, and then we come to 
the great public square, the pride of New Haven. This park 
is planted with grass, and lined on every side by noble elms. 
The beautiful nave-like Temple Street crosses the square in 
the center, and the buildings of Yale College face its western 
limit. Three large churches stand in the square, the first 
from Chapel Street being Trinity, the second the Center Con¬ 
gregational, and the third the North Congregational Church; 
and behind them is the old marble State House, now unoc¬ 
cupied since the selection of Hartford as the sole capital of 
the State. Behind Center Church is the grave of John 
Dixwell, surrounded by a square iron railing. The City 
Hall and the Tontine Hotel face the park on the east, and 
the New Haven House on the south, while fine stores or 
handsome dwellings surround it on every side. Yery few 
cities in this country can present such a group of public and 

29 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


educational buildings as are here gathered round this shadl 
park. The Insurance building on the left offers a good 
lookout from its roof, and it is well worth while to take a 
trip up in the elevator to the top. Here, the whole city is 
spread like a map before us. The ancient halls of the college 
are just below, half hid among the trees. Chapel Street may 
be seen extending directly through the town, while in every 
direction spread the roofs and steeples and elms. To the 
north, the two ragged bluffs known as the West Rock and 
East Rock, intrude upon the city and divide it into three val¬ 
leys. The houses fill each of these, and on the south the Bay, 
Mill River, and Quinnipiac River divide the city into capes, so 
that it is curiously spread out into radial arms or branches 
that from this high lookout seem wonderfully picturesque. 
The top of the tower of the New City Hall also affords a de 
lightfull lookout. West Haven on the south-west, Westville on 
the north-west, and Fair Haven on the east make the suburbs, 
and with the harbor, the Sound, and the distant shores of 
Long Island, fill up the beautiful picture on the south. This 
view is one of the finest city prospects in the country, and 
every visitor should make a point of seeing it. Returning to 
Chapel Street we may walk to the left, glancing through the 
beautifully arched Temple Street running through the square 
past the New Haven House to the College Square. The 
pleasantest view of the college buildings and grounds may 
be obtained by walking along the west side of College Street, 
in front of the older brick dormitories of colonial style and 
dignity, passing in order South College, Atheneum, South 
Middle, Lyceum, North Middle, the old Chapel, and North 
College, when we find the new Farnam Hall intercepting our 
view. At this point we may best enter the grounds, and 
turning to the right shall face the fronts of the new Farnam 
Hall, the Memorial Chapel, at the comer of the Quadrangle, 
Dorfee Hall, on the Elm Street side, just west of the new 

30 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

chapel, and farther west on the York Street side, fronting 
towards the grounds, is Alumni Hall. Pursuing our walk 
Bouth towards Chapel Street, we pass in the rear of the old 
dormitory buildings on our left, while Trumbull Gallery 
appears on our right, with the Library Building at its rear. 
Beyond Trumbull Gallery, now the College Treasury, is the 
old Museum and Laboratory, two very high, plain buildings; 
and on the corner of Chapel and York Streets is the Yale Art 
Building, presented to the College by Mr. Augustus Street, 
of New Haven, father-in-law of Admiral Foote. This is one 
of the most beautiful of all Yale’s buildings, and is fast being 
supplied with a large collection of valuable works of art. 

Just east of the Art Building in the college grounds 
stands a bronze statue of Abraham Pierson, first President 
of Yale College. Turning into High Street to the right, 
around the Art Building, we may see, at the rear of the 
Library across High Street, the College Gymnasium, and 
ao the south-west comer of High and Elm Streets the 
tall new Peabody Museum. Turning to the right into 
Elm Street, we pass the side of Alumni Hall, the rear of 
Durfee Hall, and the Memorial Chapel on our right, and on 
our left the brick buildings of the Yale Theological Seminary, 
at the comer of College and Elm Streets. We now advise 
our tourist to turn to the left into College Street, and pur¬ 
sue his walk two blocks to the Yale Sheffield Scientific 
School, at the head of College Street, on Grove Street. 

Just to the left of the Sheffield Hall is Prospect AvenuG, 
on which stands the new Scientific Building. To the right 
of the Sheffield Hall is Hillhouse Avenue, named ill honor of 
James Hillhouse, who planted with his own hands the elm 
forest which now beautifies the whole city with such grace¬ 
ful splendor, and whose ancient residence is at the head of 
this elegant and aristocratic avenue. Mr. Sheffield’s resi¬ 
dence is just beside the Sheffield Hall at the foot of the 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


fiillhouse Avenue. Passing up through the avenue we maj 
pursue our walk by turning to the right through a short, 
narrow street leading into Whitney Avenue, a long, wide, 
and very beautiful avenue, extending north for two miles 
and lined with magnificent villas on each side as far as 
Whitneyville, the location of the Whitney Rifle Works, 
owned by Mr. Whitney, from whom the avenue is named. 

Court and Elm Streets lead from the Square to State 
Street, and give access to the Tremont House, Masonic 
Temple, and other important buildings. The Yale Law 
School is on the comer of Court and Church Streets, and 
the Medical College is in York west of Chapel Street. At 
the comer of Elm and State Street, Grand Street leads 
through the city and over Mill River to Fair Haven. 

Fair Haven is a new and very pleasant suburb, surrounded 
by Mill and Quinnipiac Rivers, and worth a short visit if one 
has time. Chapel Street also extends over Mill River to 
Fair Haven. At the bridge on the Fair Haven side is the 
new Yale boat-house, one of the finest structures of the 
kind in the country. 

Down the New Haven Bay, about three miles on the east 
side, is Fort Hale, and two miles further on, at the entrance 
of the harbor, is the light-house. Opposite the light-bouse, 
on the west side of the bay, is Savin Rock, a celebrated 
resort, where is situated the fine Sea View Hotel; it is 
about three miles from the center of the city and is a pleas¬ 
ant drive, or may be reached by horse cars in about fifty min¬ 
utes, from corner of Chapel and Church Streets. East and 
West Rocks are two noted landmarks, one on the east, the 
other on the west side of the city, about three miles distant. 
They are each about 400 feet high, and are supposed to be 
the real terminus of the Green Mountain range. They are 
much frequented. On West Rock is the “Judge’s Cave, 1 * 
where the Judges of King Charles I. found shelter from 

32 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


pursuit. On the rock inclosing the cave is carved, ' * Oppo¬ 
sition to tyrants is obedience to God.” Westville, at the 
base of the rock, is a manufacturing village of about 2,000 
inhabitants. The old railroad depot is near Chapel and 
State Streets, and the shipping and steamboat landings may 
be found from Long Wharf at the foot of State Street to 
Tomlinson’s Bridge along Water Street. The chief manufac¬ 
turing interest is the making of carriages, and there is a 
good coastwise trade carried on in the port. New Haven has 
a population of 55,000, and has nearly forty churches. The 
place was first settled by a wealthy party of exiled Londoners 
in 1638, and has always been a prosperous and successful 
town. Yale College, the foremost in the country, was 
founded in 1700, at Say brook, and was removed to this city 
in 1716. 

Besides the memories that cluster around Old Yale, New 
Haven has been the residence and home of a large number of 
eminent men. The old cemetery on Grove Street contains 
the graves of the distinguished in public and private life. 
Among them are those of Roger Sherman, one of the signers 
of the Declaration of Independence; of Noah Webster, the 
author of Webster’s Dictionary ; of Presidents Stiles and 
Dwight, of Yale College; Chauncey A. Goodrich ; Eli Whit¬ 
ney, inventor of the cotton-gin; of Benjamin Silliman, the 
father of physical science in this country; of Admiral Foote 
and Theodore Winthrop, and of Lyman Beecher (said to be 
the “ father of more brains than any other man in America ”). 
New Haven has furnished Connecticut with governors, 
United States senators and representatives, military heroes, 
and large numbers of men, honored both at home and abroad. 
Here John Davenport preached to the early settlers under an 
ancient elm, and many a Revolutionary hero has left th« 
impress of his feet beneath its classic shades. 

Col. John Dixwell, one of the ‘ ‘ Judges ” of King Charles I. 

2* S3 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


«ved for a long time in New Haven. His remains lie buried 
in the square back of the Center Congregational Church, in 
the little inclosure surrounded by an iron fence. 

Any traveler who has never visited this most beautiful oi 
New-England cities will do well to pause here for a time, 
though it be simply to recall the historic reminiscences 
which gather about it. The peculiar characteristics which 
it presents, of city and country combined, render it without 
a superior in the number and variety of its attractions. 

Railroad Connections. 

The Shore Line from Boston, Providence and New Lon¬ 
don, the Air Line from Willimantic and Middletown, the New 
Haven and Derby, the New Haven and Northampton, and the 
New York and New Haven Roads, all meet in this city, and 
give easy access to New York, Boston, Springfield, and all 
parts of Connecticut and Rhode Island. 



BOAT HOUSE OF THE YALE COLLEGE NAYY. 
On Mill River, East Chapel St., New Haven, Ct. 

w 4 

































HEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


Hartford and Springfield Division of thb 
New York and New Haven Railroad. 

IS division of this great railroad line extends northward 



J. from New Haven, and, dividing the State into two nearly 
equal parts, reaches Springfield near the southern border of 
Massachusetts. It first follows the valley of the Quinnipiac 
River to the high land at Meriden, and then down into the 
broader valley of the Connecticut to Hartford. Here it fol¬ 
lows the west bank to Windsor Locks, crosses to the east 
bank, and reaches Springfield. It forms part of the great 
trunk line to New York, and connects the city with Boston 
and the East, and the great valley northward through Ver¬ 
mont and New Hampshire to Montreal and the Dominion of 
Canada. The local business of the road is large, and its en¬ 
tire length is thickly settled by a farming and manufacturing 
population that by its extensive and varied labors has made 
the State famous. The scenery in the Connecticut Valley is 
very pleasing, and the route is full of interest to the commer¬ 
cial traveler and the tourist. Its connections are numerous 
and important. At Hartford it crosses the New York and 
New England Railroad, which runs from Boston to Fishkill 
on the Hudson River, crossing Connecticut from east to 
west and touching the important places of Blackstone and 
Worcester, Massachusetts; Providence and Woonsocket in 
Rhode Island, and Putnam, Willimantic, Rockville, New 
Britain, Plainville, Waterbury, Danbury and Winsted in 
Connecticut. 

At Springfield the Boston and Albany leads west to Albany 
and the great West, and east to Boston, the great railroad 
center of New England. The Connecticut River Road at 


35 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Springfield forms the continution of our route to the White 
Mountains. At Berlin Junction short branches lead to New 
Britain and Middletown, Ct. 

After leaving New Haven the road enters a level, marshy 
district, of no particular interest till it nears 

NORTH HAVEN, 

North Haven , New Haven Co., Conn., 79 miles from N. Y. 

Town Population, 1,771. 

This is merely a small village on the Quinnipiac, and chiefly 
important for its brick-yards, whose picturesque sheds and 
blazing fires flit past the car-window in monotonous proces¬ 
sion. Then a more hilly country is reached, with numerous 
farms, and on a hill to the right may be seen the manufac¬ 
turing village of 

WALLINGFORD, 

Wallingford, New Haven Co., Conn., 84 miles from N. F. 

Town Population, 4,676. 

The location of this place is peculiar, and from the road it 
presents a picturesque aspect. It contains a manufactory of 
German silver-ware and buttons, and is a fine sample of a 
thriving New England town. A short distance to the right is 
a branch of the Oneida Community, located on a fine farm 
held in common by the members of the commune. Con¬ 
cerning this and other associations of a like character, much 
may be learned from Nordhoff’s recent book on the Commu¬ 
nistic Societies in this country. From Wallingford the coun¬ 
try is sandy, and, though covered with farms, has little of 
interest to us. The country gradually grows more hilly as 
we pass 

YALESVILLE, 

Wallingford, New Haven Co., Conn. 87 miles from N. F. 

The village is devoted to the manufacture of britannia and 

36 


NEW yore to White mountains. 


hardware, and is not in sight from the station. A few miles 
brings ns to the city of 

MERIDEN. 

New Haven Co., Conn., 90 miles from N. T. Town Population, 
18,340. Hotel Winthrop. 

This city, located on the two hills on both sides of the rail¬ 
road, was incorporated in 1867, and is now one of the most 
active and prosperous in the state. Manufactures are the 
ruling interest, managed by more than fifty different com¬ 
panies and firms, and turning out large quantities of piano 
and organ keys, organs, combs, house trimmings, skirts, 
hardware, lamps, steel pens, cutlery, and britannia and 
plated ware. The chief of these is the Meriden Britannia 
Company, whose main building, 466x40, may be seen close 
to the track on the right, near the R. R. station. The Com¬ 
pany has three more large shops, and in them employs a 
force of four hundred men. The basis of the manufacture 
of the Meriden Britannia Company is nickel, albata, and 
white metal. Upon these substances the electro-plating is 
done by a process which gives a silver or gold finish, as the 
case may be, of the most enduring character. The following 
notice recently appeared in The Jewelers ’ Circular: “The 
Meriden Britannia Company, whose New York store is at 
Union Square, was organized some thirty years ago. At that 
date little was known of electro-plating in this country. That 
process has revolutionized the trade. It has substituted for 
the old goods the elegant modern productions made of hard 
metal and coated with pure silver. The company has, how¬ 
ever, adhered to a name made honorable by a long period of 
business success. That success may be approximately esti¬ 
mated when we state that from a small beginning it has 
grown until its annual sales reach three million dollars, with 
seven factories, the largest, at West Meriden, Connecticut, 
being about seven hundred feet long. To-day it manufac¬ 
tures more pieces of plated ware and uses more nickel-silver 
anDually than all other manufacturers in the United States. 
Its ingenious workmen have devised a method by which 
those portions of certain articles of table-wear most exposed to 

37 


Connecticut river route. 


attrition, shall receive a much greater thickness of silver than 
the parts less liable to wear. Thus the points of forks and 
spoons, and those portions which naturally come in contact 
with substances calculated to denude them of their precious 
covering, are protected by a silver film three times as thick as 
other parts receive. That this method of plating is practi¬ 
cable and successful, is attested by the judges of the Ameri¬ 
can Institute for 1873, who carefully examined the goods and 
declared that they were probably the best of their kind made 
in the world. The best foreign dealers appreciate the grace¬ 
ful designs and good workmanship of these American goods. ” 

The city has two papers, four banks, ten churches, while 
in the north part of the city is the State Beform School, on 
the left as the train leaves the city. The attention of tour¬ 
ists and the traveling public is especially called to the new 
hotel, the Winthrop, under the proprietorship of James H. 
and Geo. H. Bowker, the latter of whom is also proprietor 
of the Windsor, at Holyoke, Mass. Though occupied but a 
short time, it has already acquired a first-class reputation. 
This house is thoroughly elegant and comfortable in all its 
appointments; is lighted with gas, and has hydraulic elevator, 
and is warmed throughout by steam. The rooms are sup¬ 
plied with hot and cold water, and the numerous bath-rooms 
are convenient. The billiard-room is well lighted and sup¬ 
plied with the best tables. The cuisine and service are 
universally pronounced the best in the State. The hotel is 
centrally located in the business part of the town, and isbut 
a minute’s walk from the B. B. station. Patrons will find 
the reputation which Mr. Bowker has acquired at the Wind¬ 
sor, fully sustained at the Winthrop, in Holyoke, Mass. 

A more hilly country is next entered. To the right is a 
range of bold hills, and the first signs of the red sand-stone 
formation that extends northward for along distance through 
this part of the country, may be seen among them, and pre¬ 
senting to the traveler many points of geological interest. 
Then it will be noticed that the brooks and small streams 
are flowing the other way, and the road has a down grade. 

38 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


This is the high ridge bounding the Connecticut valley, and 
from the high land we are crossing, the spires of New Britain 
may be seen off to the left. 

BERLIN JUNCTION. 

Berlin, Hartford Co., Conn., 98 miles from N. Y. Town Popu¬ 
lation, 2,385. 

Berlin is a small manufacturing village a short distance 
from the junction of the two branch roads that turn off here, 
one, one mile and a half northwest, to New Britain, and the 
other, ten miles southeast, to Middletown Tinware, car¬ 
riages, and hardware are the chief interests. 

NEWINGTON. 

Newington , Hartford Co., Conn., 103 miles from N. Y. Town 
Population, 934. 

This is a farming town, adjoining the city of Hartford. 


38a 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


NEW BRITAIN. 

New Britain , Hartford Go., Conn., 99 miles from N. Y. Pop¬ 
ulation, 13,979. Hotel— Strickland House. 

New Britain is a mile and a half from Berlin Station, on the 
New Britain branch of the N. Y., N. H. & Hd. R. R. To 
reach it, change cars at Berlin Station. 

It is a successful manufacturing place, and turns out large 
quantities of locks, house trimmings, builders’ hardware, 
jewelry, hooks and eyes, harness trimmings, and general 
hardware. There is no water-power, and steam takes its 
place. The town is supplied with water from a reservoir 
200 feet above its level, giving sufficient pressure to super¬ 
sede steam fire-engines. 

The principal hotel is the Strickland House, on the main 
street and in the center of the city. It is a large brick house, 
well kept, at moderate prices. The proprietor, Mr. Gilbert 
Johnson, also conducts the Plympton House, Bay Yiew 
House, and Dickens Hotel, at Watch Hill, R. I. 

MIDDLETOWN. 

MiddlesexGo.,Ct. Population, 11,732. Hotel —McDonough House. 

The city of Middletown is also on a branch of the main 
line of R. R., about ten miles southeast of Berlin Station, 
and a change of cars at Berlin is required to reach it. It is 
on the west bank of the Connecticut River, and at junction 
of the Air Line and C. Y. R. Rs., and at the terminus of the 
branch of N. Y., N. H. & Hd. R. R. The great number of 
trees in the streets have given it the name of the *' Forest 
City,” and its hills are covered with fine and costly resi¬ 
dences and gardens. The custom-house and court-house 
are buildings of interest in the city. The Wesleyan Univer¬ 
sity and the State Asylum for the Insane in the suburbs are 
noticeable institutions. Manufactures are the leading in¬ 
terest. Opposite the city are the famous Portland quarries 
of freestone. The quality of this building stone is superior, 
and its quarrying and export give employment to 800 men, 
300 horses and oxen, and some 40 vessels. 


39 



PARK CENTRAL HOTEL, 

HARTFORD, CONN. 



Located one block from Union Depot and facing Capital Park, has been 
remodeled and refurnished. Having Steam Elevator, Hot and Cold Water, 
Electric Belis and thoroughly heated by Steam. Dining Room, Office and 
Billiard Room lighted witn Electric Light. 

RATES $2.50 PER DAY. 

Special rates to travellers stopping over Sunday and to permanent 
boarders. Porters in .ttendance to all trains. Open day and night. 

W. KETOHUM, Manager and Proprietor, 












I lnJitidltj 


IHiMI 


liMilllll'U' 


iTTiKHi 


iffiifaME 


Wlll'tlllMi 




[TimiFTTl 


UNITED STATES HOTEL, HARTFORD, CONN. D. A. ROOD, Proprietor. 

This is the largest and most centrally located Hotel in the city. Free coach at all trains. TERMS, $2.53 and $3.00 PER DAY. 

























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


HARTFOKD. 


Hartford County, Ct., 110 miles from New York. Population, 
42,551. Hotels—Allyn House, United States, Park Central, 
and City Hotel . 


H ARTFORD is the capital of the State of Connecticut, 
and is probably the wealthiest city of its size in the 
United States. It is situated on the west bank of the Con¬ 
necticut river, 50 miles from Long Island Sound. As we 
approach the city from the southwest, the handsome new 
brownstone buildings of Trinity College may be seen on the 
high grounds on the right, and just before reaching the 
depot, the new High School building appears on the left. 
The magnificent white marble State House stands on the high 
ground, on the south of Capitol Park and the imposing 
Soldiers’ Memorial Arch, built of Connecticut freestone, is 
seen near the center of the park. Few cities present a more 
beautiful prospect than opens to the view of the traveler 
approaching Hartford from the south by rail. 

The Allyn House is an excellent hotel on the corner of 
Asylum and Trumbull streets. It is faced with Portland 
freestone, and presents a very handsome exterior. 

The United States Hotel, on State House Square, is a large 
and popular hotel in the central part of the city, opposite 
the Post-office and old State House. It is very comfortably 
furnished, and well kept at moderate prices by D. A. Rood. 

The Park Central Hotel is a fine brick building, fitted in 
modern style and well conducted on moderate prices, by Mr. 
W. Ketcham. It is one block from the R. R. Station, near 
Capitol Park, and is kept open day and night. A porter 
meets all trains. 

The city is compact, and built mostly of brick and free¬ 
stone. Asylum Street leads directly from the R. R. station 
to the center of the city. It contains some of the best busi¬ 
ness blocks of the city, and a large wholesale business is 

41 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


transacted on this street. Main Street runs north and south 
through the city, and is the chief thoroughfare. It reaches 
from the northern to the southern extremity of the city, di¬ 
viding it into nearly equal parts, and contains many of the 
public buildings, churches and retail stores, and some of the 
most magnificent insurance offices in the country. Turning 
from Asylum Street to the right on Main Street, the old 
State House will be seen opposite, with the new Post-Office 
just east of it, and, on the corner of Pearl Street, the im¬ 
mense and beautiful granite building of the Connecticut 
Mutual Life Insurance Company. A short distance south, 
on the east side of Main Street, are the brownstone building 
of the iEtna Insurance Company and the large granite build¬ 
ing of the Charter Oak Life Insurance Company. Main 
Street is the chief retail street, and for about a mile in either 
direction is occupied by a very good class of stores. To the 
north of Asylum Street, on the east side of North Main 
Street, is the large freestone business block, known as the 
Cheney Block. State Street leads from Main Street, oppo¬ 
site Asylum Street, to the steamboat landing, on the Con¬ 
necticut River, and is one of the principal wholesale business 
streets. On Pearl Street, near Main, the visitor will see the 
Pearl Street Congregational Church and the unique brick 
building of the Phoenix Fire Insurance Company; and on 
the north side, at the corner of Ann Street, the handsome 
granite building of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company; 
opposite which is the printing office of Case, Lockwood & 
Brainard. Main, State, Pearl, Ann, Trumbull, and Asylum 
streets are the principal business streets. 

Some of the finest residences of the city are on Charter 
Oak Place, South Main Street, Wethersfield Avenue, and 
Washington Street, in the south part; and Asylum Avenue 
and Farmington Avenue, and streets adjoining, in the west 
p*rt of the city, and west of the railroad depot. The houses 
here are of elegant design, and each is surrounded by its 

42 


NEW STATE CAPITOL, HARTFORD, CT. 


4' 




I 





























































































































































































































































































































































































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


garden and lawn. The streets are lined with beautiful 
trees, and present many attractions. From Broad Street a 
good view will be obtained of the city and many of the 
larger public educational and charitable institutions. 

CAPITOL PARK 

Contains 47 acres, which were formerly a part of the grounds 
of Trinity College, but which were purchased and laid out 
by the city at cost of some $300,000. The entrance to the 
Park from the central part of the city is across the several 
stone bridges over Park River, which is on the northern 
boundary of the Park. At the south end of the stone bridge 
leading from High Street into the Park, stands the massive 
Soldiers Memorial Arch, built of Connecticut freestone and 
ornamented with historical battle scenes in bas relief of 
gray sandstone. It cost over $100,000, and was erected by 
the city and the munificence of Mr. Bissell. 

The new State House stands on the brow of the hill, over¬ 
looking the park and the city. It is one of the most costly 
and elaborate public buildings in the country. A wide and 
grandly beautiful view may be obtained from its dome. The 
bronze statue in front of the State House represents Bishop 
Brownell, and the statue a short distance to the east is a 
life-size figure of General Israel Putnam. Good walks lead 
through the park, and afford excellent views of the build¬ 
ings and dwellings that surround it. 

To the south of the new State House is Washington Street, 
lined with beautiful residences, and justly the pride of the 
city as a street of residences. Farther east and just south 
of the junction of Wethersfield and Maple avenues is Mrs. 
Colt’s residence—one of the most elegant in the city. To 
the left of the junction is Wyllis Street, leading to the river, 
near the celebrated Colt’s Armory Works. At the foot of the 
hill is one of the most beautiful Gothic churches in this 
country. It was built by Mrs. Colt, in memory of her late 

43 


ARMORY llarttord. Conn* 













































































































































































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


husband, Colonel Samuel Colt. At the river is the vast dyke 
erected by Col. Colt, to keep the annual freshets from cov¬ 
ering his extensive factories. This dyke encloses 23 acres 
of meadow that would be otherwise useless, and cost $80,000. 
It was originally built by Col. Colt, but the city afterwards 
paid a part of the expense, on account of the great value of 
the territory reclaimed from the river. 

Charter Oak Place—a very beautiful and quite retired 
avenue—runs from Charter Oak to Wyllis streets, command¬ 
ing a fine view of the Connecticut River and Valley. The 
site of the famous Charter Oak is marked by a marble slab 
at the north end of this “Place,” at its junction with 
Charter Oak Street. 

BUSINESS. 

Hartford is situated favorably for manufactories, trade and 
commerce. There are about 30 incorporated companies here, 
having more than $10,000,000 engaged in manufacturing en¬ 
terprises. The most important articles of manufacture are 
fire-arms, sewing machines, screws, book-sewing machines, 
caligraphs, bicycles, lawn-mowers, and hardware of various 
kinds. Colt’s Armory is the largest arms manufactory in 
this country, and makes immense quantities of military 
arms for foreign governments, as well as for our own do¬ 
mestic market. A fine view of it is obtained from the boats 
on the river, or from Charter Oak Place, in the south part of 
the city. The Woven Wire Mattress Company manufac¬ 
tures a peculiar and unique mattress, that has become one 
of the most popular of the numerous styles of spring 
mattresses. The Hartford Machine Screw Company, The 
Pratt & Whitney Manufacturing Company, The Weed Sew¬ 
ing Machine Company, The American Writing Machine 
Company, The Smythe Book Sewing Machine Company, 
are some of the most prosperous of the manufacturing 
companies. 

U 



CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE IN8. CO S BUILDING, 
(Corner Main and Pearl Street., Hartford, Conn.) 




























































































NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The subscription book business is extensively carried on 
here. Case, Lockwood & Brainard have a large printing 
office and book bindery in Hartford, on the corner of Pearl 
and Ann streets. 

Hartford is pre-eminently an insurance city, and has over 
one hundred millions of dollars devoted to this one branch 
of business. Its companies are among the largest and 
strongest of any in the world. The reputation of Hartford 
insurance companies is unequaled in this country for sound 
financial basis, just dealings, and economical and efficient 
management. 

The iEtna is the largest strictly Fire Insurance Company 
in the world. Incorporated in 1819, with a capital of 
$150,000, it has since increased it to its present large 
amount of $4,000,000, with assets exceeding the immense 
sum of $9,500,000. This company has paid to policy hold¬ 
ers the enormous amount of $60,000,000 for losses by fire, of 
which sum $3,766,423.09 were paid to Chicago claimants 
from the one great disaster of 1871, and $1,604,348.50 to 
indemnify losers by the great Boston calamity of 1872. 

The Hartford Fire and Phoenix Fire, each with about 
$5,000,000 assets, are companies that also stood the test of 
the disastrous conflagrations of Chicago and Boston, and 
paid their enormous losses promptly and fully. These facts 
justly place these three companies in the front rank of Fire 
Insurance, and testify in the highest praise to the skillful 
and able management of their officers, and inspire confi¬ 
dence in companies that relieved the distress of such over¬ 
whelming disasters, when other companies succumbed to 
the general ruin which followed these calamities. 

The Connecticut Fire Insurance Company was incorpo¬ 
rated in 1850. It has a capital of $1,000,000, with about 
$2,000,000 of assets. It occupies a beautiful brick building 
on Prospect Street, and ranks among the highest and best 
in integrity and financial strength. 

45 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


The Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company is the 
largest Life Insurance Company in New England. It occu¬ 
pies a magnificent building on the corner of Main and Pearl 
streets, the most ornate and beautiful business building in 
Hartford. This company was organized in 1845, and has 
been very successful since its formation. Its business has 
steadily increased, and it has accumulated over $55,000,000 
of assets. It has policies in force amounting to the enormous 
sum of nearly $200,000,000. 

The iEtna Life Insurance Company, Hon. Morgan G. 
Bulkeley, President, is one of the largest and most success¬ 
ful trust institutions in the world. Its business has been 
managed with great prudence and financial ability, and 
it has acquired assets amounting to nearly $32,000,000. 
It has paid to policy holders $61,000,000, and now has 
more than 63,000 policies in force, representing more than 
$92,000,000. The iEtna Life has some special plans of 
insurance, with liberal and attractive features, which are 
both prudent and popular. By its economical and skillful 
management it affords life insurance at less cost than many 
other companies. 

The Travelers’ Insurance Company is the largest accident 
insurance company in the world, and has enjoyed a highly 
successful career under its present management. It has 
outstripped all rival companies in accident insurance, and 
has also established a large and successful life depart¬ 
ment. It is one of the most flourishing insurance compa¬ 
nies of this eminently insurance city. It has paid over 
$12,000,000 to policy holders, and has about $9,000,000 of 
assets. Its management is vigorous, able and equitable. 

The Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, organized 
in 1851, has acquired large assets, exceeding $10,000,000. 

The Connecticut General Life Insurance Company is 
another of Hartford’s carefully managed life insurance 
companies. 


46 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Company has 
also added to Hartford’s fame as a great insurance city. 



CHARTER OAK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY’S BUILDING. 

The Charter Oak Life Insurance Company formerly did a 
large business, but has now ceased to issue policies. 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

The old State House, on Main Street, at the head of Asy¬ 
lum Street, and erected in 1792, is in the Doric order, 114 
feet by 76, and 54 feet high. The celebrated Hartford Con¬ 
vention was held in this building. 

The Dew State Capitol overlooks the city from its com¬ 
manding position in the park, and is one of the most elegant 
buildings in this country. In the State Library are pre¬ 
served many letters from the kings of England. The oldest, 
written in 1666, bears the autograph of Charles II. In the 
Senate Chamber are many fine paintings. Among these are 
one of Washington, by Stuart, and those of all the Governors 
of the State, from Governor Winthrop to the present time. 

The City Hall is a handsome building on Market Square. 

47 




















CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


THE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 
of the city are well organized, and are justly its pride. The 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum stands in the western part of the 
city, on Asylum Street, and is the finest institution of the 
kind ever established in the United States. Bev. Mr. Gal- 
laudet, LL.D., who went to Europe in 1816, for the purpose 
of ascertaining the best method of imparting instruction to 
the deaf and dumb, brought home with him M. Lauret Clerc, 
a deaf mute, who had great success as a teacher in Paris, 
under Abbe Sicard. Under his direction the institution 
rose rapidly into public favor. It has about 250 pupils. 

The Insane Retreat, founded in 1822 is in the southwest 
part of the city, on a gentle elevation, commanding an ex¬ 
tensive and most beautiful prospect. The buildings are 
surrounded with 17 acres of finely ornamented ground. 

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Trinity College (Episcopal) is on the east side of the rail¬ 
road, and a little removed from the center of the city. It is 
richly endowed, and offers fine advantages to students. The 
Theological Seminary is located on Prospect Street. 

The Connecticut Historical Society has a library of 5,000 
volumes, and a great number of ancient documents and 
manuscripts. The Young Men’s Institute has a library of 
10,000 volumes. The Watkinson Library is intended for 
reference—no books being drawn. An endowment of 
$100,000 was left by David Watkinson, Esq., for establish¬ 
ing this library. It was first opened in 1866. 

Wadsworth Athenaeum, on South Main Street, contains 
many valuable relics. Among these are a chest from the 
Mayflower, Miles Standish’s dinner-pot, Benedict Arnold’s 
watch, General Putnam’s tavern-sign, and sword carried by 
him at Bunker Hill, a link of the chain stretched across the 
Hudson at West Point during the Revolution, bomb-shells 
thrown into Stonington, Nathan Hale’s powder-horn, etc. 

48 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The “Old Charter Oak,” so long an object of interest to 
visitors* is now dead. Parts of it are preserved in the 
library. The site of the old tree is marked by a marble 
tablet on Charter Oak Place, In the south part of the city. 

Hartford is celebrated for its many citizens who have 
gained distinction in literature and politics. Among these 
are Professor and Mrs. Stowe, Rev. Dr. Bushnell, Gideon 
Welles, James Dixon, Isaac Toucey, Henry C. Deming, Gen. 
Jos. R. Hawley, S. E. Clemens (Mark Twain), Gail Hamil¬ 
ton, etc. Mrs. Sigourney resided at Hartford during her 
long literary career. 

The first settlement in Hartford was made by the Dutch, 
in 1633. The English settlers came from Cambridge, Mass., 
in 1635. Hartford was an active place in colonial times, and 
there are many places of historical interest in and about the 
city. The famous Charter Oak, though long since destroyed, 
still lives in various fragments carved into relics, and the 
precious charter it so securely held is now framed with it 
at the office of the Secretary of State. 

RAILROAD AND RIVER CONNECTIONS. 

The Connecticut River affords steamboat communication 
with ports on Long Island Sound, New London, Long 
Island and New York, and with the East. The New York, 
New Haven and Hartford Railroad runs from New York and 
New Haven north through Hartford to Springfield, connect¬ 
ing there to Boston, the North and West. The Connecticut 
Valley Railroad follows the Connecticut River to Saybrook, 
on Long Island Sound, and the New York and New England 
opens the northern and western part of the State, and leads 
to Boston on the east, and to the Hudson River on the west. 
It also leads easterly through the State to Providence, R. I.; 
and southwest, to New Britain, Waterbury and Danbury, Ct. 

As the train clears the houses of Hartford, it enters upon 
broad, level intervales. To the left are some fine ranges of 

49 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


hills, and, in a few moments the broad and placid Conneeti 
cut is reached. Hero we enter the Garden of New England, 
the beautiful Connecticut Valley, and for nearly 200 mile* 
on our northward journey a panorama of surpassing beauty 
interest, and variety may be seen from the car windows 
The highly cultivated farms, the comfortable homesteads, 
•he droves of cattle and the flocks of sheep, the immense to¬ 
bacco houses, and the great barns pass in endless procession. 

The fields, soft with bending grain, stately with stiff rows 
of tobacco, or smooth with grass, are full of varied beauty ; 
and all this thrift and comfort added to the rows of graceful 
elms, the wooded hills, and winding river, give the view a 
charm peculiar to itself. The tobacco fields will be easily 
recognized from the broad leaves and erect habit of the 
plants, and the precise rows in which they stand. The large 
bams with swinging doors and shutters on the walls, are the 
drying houses where the plants are hung on racks to dry 
when ripe in the fall. Tobacco culture is one of the leading 
interests from this point up to the Vermont line, and is a 
chief source of the wealth and prosperity of this part of the 
valley. The railroad skirts the river and soon reaches 

WINDSOR, 

Hartford Co ., 114 miles from N. Y. Town Population, 3,058 

This is a quiet farming place, historically noted as the first 
place settled by the English in the State. William Holmes, 
and others, erected a block-house here in 1633. The Dutch 
from New Amsterdam attempted to drive them out sood 
after, but were unsuccessful. Some fine views open here to 
the right, and the train, after crossing Farmington River, 
passes 

HAYDEN’S STATION, 

Which is merely a small farming place. The road then 
comes close to the bank and joins the Windsor Canal. This 

50 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


canul, some five miles long, was originally built for naviga» 
tion round the Enfield Falls on the Connecticut. Since the 
railroad was built it has fallen into disuse except as an 
admirable water-power, and between the canal and the 
stream may be seen a large number of mills, foundries, and 
machine-shops. Just here may be noticed one of the pecu¬ 
liar wire ferries used on the Connecticut. A wire rope 
hung over the river is used as a guide, and the current is 
applied as a power to drag the boat over the stream. The 
houses on the left, extending along the road and beside th; 
river, make the manufacturing village of 


WINDSOR LOCKS, 

Hartford Co., Conn., 120 miles from N. Y. Town Popu¬ 
lation,, 2,332 


A branch road here leads to tne left to Suffield, and the 
main road turns sharply to the right, and the train runs 
slowly, preparatory to crossing the immense iron bridge that 
crosses the river. A full view of the bridge may be obtained 
from the windows on the right just as the train “slows 
down.” This bridge is 1,552^ feet long, 17f feet wide on 
top, and carries the train 47 feet above low water. It is 
one of the largest structures of the kind in the* country, and 
cost $265,000. The work was made in England and put up 
wi th the assistance of English machinists, and was opened 
for traffic in February, 1866. It is supported on 17 piers 
and the largest span is 177-J feet. To allow for the expan¬ 
sion in the hot sun of summer and the contraction by the 
cold of our severe winters, one end of each truss is laid 
on rollers sc that it may move slightly as affected by the 
weather. The opposite end of each truss is bolted to the 
pier so that, though the truss moves an inch or mure be¬ 
tween noon of a hot day and morning of a cool night, it 
cannot escape, or roll off the top of the pier. The bridge if 

51 


( 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


estimated to be able to carry seven times tbe weight of all 
the engines that could be crowded upon it at once. As the 
train rolls smoothly and quietly over the top, the most 
indifferent traveler can hardly fail to look out the windows 
on either side to admire the noble river, the beautiful 
scenery, and this splendid piece of bridge architecture. As 
the train touches the shore a particularly fine view may be 
noticed on the left, up the stream, as it gives the first hint 
of the hill country we are approaching. A wooded island 
will be noticed just above the bridge that is interesting, as 
showing the peculiar sandstone formation along its lower 
shore. 

WAREHOUSE POINT, 

East Windsor, Hartford Co., Conn., 121 miles from N. Y. 

Population, 893. Town Population, 3,019. 

This is the first of a series of busy manufacturing villages 
stretching along the eastern bank northward to Springfield, 
and was formerly the head of navigation on the river—hence 
its name. Here the best views are on the left, and if there 
is a spare seat it is worth the while to take it, for the river 
here presents a succession of most charming views. On the 
right, manufacturing establishments pass quickly every few 
moments. 

ENFIELD, 

Hartford Co., Conn. Town Population, 6,755. 

The village is on a hill to the right. The town is notice¬ 
able as containing the Hazard Powder Works, and a com¬ 
munity of Shakers. A picturesque old wooden bridge 
crosses the river here and makes a charming feature in the 
landscape. Opposite are the splendid farms of Suffield. 

TH0MPS0NVILLE, 

Enfield, Harford Co., Conn., 125 miles from N. Y. Pop. 3,794. 

This active manufacturing place is named after Colonel 
0 F. Thompson, founder of the Hartford Carpet Works 

52 




NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


located here. This manufactory was established in 1828, 
and is now one of the largest in the country, employing a 
capital of $1,500,000, and turning out 6,000 yards of ingrain 
and Venetian carpets every working day. The power is 
steam, consuming 3,000 tons of coal a year, and driving 141 
looms. The next station is 

LONG MEADOW, 

Hampden Go., Mass., 130 miles from N. T. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 1,401 

This is a farming town on the southern line of Massachu¬ 
setts. At every step of the way the country grows more 
beautiful, and the villages spread out so as to nearly touch. 
It was on the Connecticut, along this vicinity, that the In¬ 
ter-collegiate Regattas of 1872 and 1873 took place, in the 
last of which Yale introduced the English stroke, and carried 
off the laurels of the day in each race. 

PECOWSIC, 

A small station, is passed, and then from the left may be 
seen the tall chimneys of 

SPRINGFIELD, 

Hampden Co ., Mass., 135 miles from N. Y. City Population, 
33,340. Hotels — Massasoit, Haynes and Cooley’s. 

The train rolls swiftly past the streets and shops, the 
houses run into blocks, the tracks multiply, and presently we 
ace in the great black station, and in the very heart of the 
city. This is the end of the New York, Hartford and New 
Haven Railroad and our first continuous ride northward. 
Through cars run to White Motpitains, and the traveler has 
the choice of going on up the valley at once, or of stopping 
over part of a day or a night at this most delightful of Mas¬ 
sachusetts cities. It is a representative place, and well worth 
a visit. The hotels are among the best in the country, and 
there is much of interest and value, both for the commeroUk 

53 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


man, the manufacturer, and the tourist. The best hotel is 
the Massasoit House, on Main Street, and may be entered by 
turning to the right from the East end of the R. R. depot. 
It is one of the finest hotels in America, and its cuisine is not 
excelled by any in the world. Nearly all trains stop long 
enough for dinner, and the traveler should pass into the 
Massasoit and enjoy a delicious meal. Ample notice is given 
of the departure of all trains. The Massasoit has large airy 



rooms, many en suite for family use, furnished with elegant 
carpets, spring-beds, bath rooms, and modern hotel con¬ 
veniences. The extensive addition on Main Street has added 
several apartments, elegantly furnished and handsomely 
adorned. The Massasoit is the par excellence of hotels. 

From Springfield the Boston and Albany R. R. runs east 
to Worcester and Boston, and west to Westfield, the Berk¬ 
shire Hills, Pittsfield and Albany. The Springfield and 
Athol Branch of B. & A. R. R. runs to Athol, Mass., and the 
New York and New England R. R. to Rockville, Ct. The 
Connecticut River R. R. runs north to Chicopee, Holyoke, 
Northampton, Greenfield, connecting at South Vernon, Vt., 
for Brattleboro, Bellows Falls, White River, and Wells 
River Junctions, and other towns in New Hampshire and 
White Mountains, Lake Memphremagog, and Canada. 

54 











NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


OBJECTS OP INTEREST. 

The chief point of interest is the United States Arsenal 
and Government works. To reach the Armory walk through 
Main Street to the south, to State Street, then turn to the 
left up the hill. The walk is not long, and some fine 
churches, stores, printing-offices, and dwelling-houses are 
seen on the way. The grounds are neatly laid out, and 
the stores of guns and war materials make a most striking 
and peculiar display. The buildings contain 275,000 arms, 
and during the war over 3,000 men were here employed 
day and night. The City Hall and Court House are botn 
worthy of notice. Hampden Park may be reached by a 
short walk from the station, through Main Street north 
to Clinton Street, and then to the left. The drives over the 
river to West Springfield, to Brightwood on the north, to the 
Cemetery on the south, or through the well-shaded streets in 
every direction, are delightful and well worth the little time 
they take. There are 26 churches, 6 charitable institutions, 
6 musical societies, and a flourishing Scientific Society. The 
Library with 46,000 volumes is open every week-day, and 
the Museum of Natural History on Wednesdays and Satur¬ 
days. The Public Reading Room in the same building, 
open every day, has 150 papers and magazines on file. 
Horse cars run to Brightwood and the water shops. 

Springfield is eminently a business city. Its manufactories 
are very numerous, paper being one of the chief articles of 
manufacture. 

Springfield is probably one of the best illustrations of in¬ 
land thrift and energy of any interior city in the country. 
This is due in part from its peculiar central location, in fact 
it is nearer the center of the actual business interests of 
New England than any other point, drawing its physical 



















































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


energy from the Granite Hills of New Hampshire and Ver 
mont, and finding a market for its ingenious and varied pro¬ 
ductions all over the civilized globe. The business man ox 
“tourist” here finds himself on the great thoroughfares of 
railway communication, by which he may start almost 
hourly for either of the four points of the compass, North, 
South, East, or West. Springfield is the headquarters for 
every description of paper manufacturing—in fact, manu¬ 
factures more than one-half of the entire production of the 
whole country, while whips, tobacco, and cigars fill almost 
»n equal importance in its productions. 

Smith <& Wesson have here their great manufactory 
for their famous pistols, which now take precedence of aU 
others. The United States Government envelope manu 
factories are alone worth a week’s visit, while the Govern¬ 
ment Armory and magnificent works are marvels of perfec¬ 
tion. The Springfield Republican is one of the ablest and 
most influential journals of the United States. 

The Union , a young evening paper, is also doing m 
thriving and flourishing business. 

Springfield has also two very noted insurance companies, 
whose reputations are coextensive with our country. T?U 
Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company is the largest 
fire company in Massachusetts and is one of the soundest in the 
United States. Its agencies are in all the principal cities 
and towns in the country, and the amount of its business is 
enormous. The company was incorporated in 1849 with a 
perpetual charter, and by judicious management and strict in¬ 
tegrity and justice in its dealings with the public, it has at. 
tained a standing second to no company in the insurance 
world. One of its elements of success has been the business 
ability and integrity of its officers. Mr. Freeman, for many 
years the President of the company, was a man of unusual 
capacity, and of the strictest integrity, and his influence is 

66 


■ 4 


&EW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


and devotion to the real welfare of the company, largely 
Contributed to its constant and uniform progress. He was 
Succeeded by Mr. Dwight R. Smith, who died in 1880. 
Mr. J. N. Dunham is now the President. He brings to his 
office strict integrity and business skill, and the experience 



DAILY UNION BUILDING, 
SPRING-FIELD, MASS. 

of years of faithful service in the insurance world It is 
largely due to the business ability of its officers that this 
company withstood the tremendous financial shocks of 
*the great Chicago and Boston fires, which wrecked so many 
other companies in a common disaster. The capital stock 
of this company is $1,000,000, and its total assets are about 
$3,000,000. Its financial soundness is universally conceded 
in insurance circles. Although its name implies marine in¬ 
surance, yet it now takes no marine risks. 

3* 57 





Connecticut river kouTfi. 

The Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co. is the only 
life insurance Company in Springfield, and occupies a simi¬ 
lar position in the life department of insurance that the 
Springfield does in fire. The company owns and occupies 
a handsome brownstone building on the main street. 

The most important manufacturing companies are the 
American Papier-Mache Co., the Bemis & Cali Tool Co., 
Bigelow Manufacturing Co., Hampden Card Co., Hampden 
Paint and Chemical Co. , Gilbert & Barker Manufacturing 
Co., Massasoit Paper Manufacturing Co., Morgan Envelope 
Co., National Needle Co., Newell Bros. Manufacturing Co., 
New England Card and Paper Co., Hampden Watch Co., 
Springfield Envelope Co., E. Stebbens Manufacturing Co., 
John W. Trafton Manufacturing Co., Union Paper and Ink 
Co., Wason Manufacturing Co., and the Williams Hardware 
Manufacturing Co., Barney & Berry’s Skate Factory, 
Milton Bradley’s manufactory of Kindergarten material and 
games, Dwight & Hoyt Iron Work makers, Cheney-Bige- 
low Wireworks. Several foundries and manufactories of 
buttons, etc. This long and honorable list is the secret of 
the wealth and prosperity of the city. The Boston and 
Albany Railroad, and the Connecticut River Road both have 
extensive car shops here, and from cars to paper collars 
and pistols, the industry of the city is everywhere manifest. 
Days might be spent here in examining these great works. 

There are nine National banks with a capital of $3,300,000, 
three savings banks, two banking houses and a clearing house. 

There is a good system of public schools. The High 
School house is an elegant building, and cost $170,000. The 
Grammar School buildings are all new. 

The Springfield, Athol & Northeastern R.R. is now owned 
by the Boston & Albany R.R., and is known as the Athoi 
Branch. The Conn. Central R.R. is now a branch of 
New York & New England R.R. 




COOLEY'S HOTEL, 

Springfield, Mass. 

J. M. COOLEY & CO., - - Proprietors. 

Cooley’s Hotel, nearly opposite the R. R. station, has earned an enviable reputation as 
afirst-class stopping place for travelers. The house is pleasantly and conveniently 
situ ted, and oners clean pleasant rooms, good beds, a table surpassed by none in liberal 
and luxurious supply, passenger elevator, and a nicely furnished, attractive parlor. 
Owing to the increase of business, an annex containing thirty new, elegantly furnished 
rooms h s been recently added. Families passing to and from the mountains will find 
Cooley’s a very pleasant resting place, at a moderate price It can safely be said to be one 
of the few successful $2 per day hotels in the United States. 

TOURISTS AND INVALIDS 

wishing to escape the severity of our Northern Winters, can find no more 
attractive places than the 

BERMUDA ISLANDS 

— AND — 

WEST INDIES. 

The Steamship Orinoco , 2,000 tons, together with the magnificent 
new Steamship Trinidad, 2,160 tons, 1,500 horse power, highest class, 
100 A 1 at Lloyd’s, built expressly for this route in 1885 , with unsurpassed 
accommodations for passengers, leaves New York and Bermuda every 
Thursday during the season. 

Steamers for West Indies, St. Kitt’s Antigua, Dominica, Martinique, 
St. Lucia, Barbados and Trinidad, leave New York and the Islands every 
17 days. 

For full particulars, time tables, and descriptive pamphlets, apply to 

A. E. OUTERBRIDGE & CO, Agents, 

Arthur Ahern, Sec’y, Quebec. 51 Broadway, New York, 





The Leading New England Paper, 


The Springfield Republican 


Daily, $8. Sunday, $2. Weekly, $1. 

Large Quarto Sheet. 

Independent and Fair in Politics. 

Comprehensive in Its News Reports. 

Able and Enterprising in its Management. 

Rich and Varied in Its Miscellaneous Reading. 

New England News Reported with Great Thoroughness. 

THE PAPER FOR NEW ENGLANDERS OF ALL PARTIES AND GREEDS 
Various Tributes to Its Worth. 

New England Grit. [From a Subscriber at Helena, Mont.] 

The Republican is New England true grit. 

Sagacity, Skill, Courage. [From the North Adams Transcript.] 

The Republican is conducted with rare sagacity, skill and courage. 

Prospering Grandly. [From the Northampton Gazette.] 

The Republican is prospering grandly, and deserves it all. 

As Good as a Newspaper Ouglit to Be. [Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution.] 
The Republican, as it stands, is about as good as a newspaper ought to 
be, so far as quality is concerned. 

Model andTrustworthy. [From a New York Lawyer.] 

I think the Springfield Republican is a model and trustworthy newspaper. 

Admires It Hugely. [From a subscriber in Wisconsin.] 

The Republican ought to have 100,000, yes 200,000, subscribers. I am not 
a New Englander, but admire The Republican hugely. 

True Yankee Flavor. [From a Reader in Washington, D. C.] 

The Republican has the true Yankee flavor, or pucker, and on the whole 
I like it better than any paper I have ever taken. 

Enterprising, Progressive, Able. [From the Palmer Journal.] 

The Republican is an enterprising, progressive and able newspaper, and 
well deserves its present prosperity. 

Among the Best in the Country. [From the Boston Index.] 

The Springfield Republican is now justly regarded as among the best 
dailies published in this country. 

A Right Smart Newspaper. [From the Troy Times.] 

The Springfield Republican politically is of the mugwumpians mug- 
wumpy, but it is a right smart newspaper, and its evident prosperity is 
gratifying to all admirers of bright journalism. 

One of the Best Edited and Ablest. [From the New York Graphic.] 
The Springfield Republican is one of the handsomest as well as one of 
the best edited and ablest journals in the country. It is a model newspaper. 

No other so Fully Independent. [From the Manitowoc (Wis.) Pilot.] 
The Springfield Republican is unquestionably one of the best, as it ; s the 
most reputable paper in the country. There is no other paper which so 
fully occupies the plane of Independence, and its editorial columns have a 
literary value not to be overlooked. 


Send, for free sample copies, and buy it on the ears. 

Address THE REPUBLICAN, Springfield, Mass, 











■EW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The Connecticut River Railroad. 

T HIS road, extending from Springfield at the southern side 
of Massachusetts to South Vernon on the Vermont line, 
is the next most important step in our route. It was orig¬ 
inally chartered as two roads, the Northampton and Spring- 
field, and the Greenfield and Northampton. They were 
united in 1845, and the extension to South Vernon was made 
in 1848. It leads us through the most fertile and picturesque 
part of the valley, and through a region noted for the wealth, 
culture, and industry of its people. The cars stand on the 
track next the north wall, and the ticket offices, baggage- 
rooms, waiting-saloons, restaurant, etc., are on that side of 
the depot. For passengers going through to the White 
Mountains the cars of the Passumpsic River Road are provided, 
and in summer drawing-room cars are on every through train. 
On taking seats choose the right-hand side, as that will give 
the best views for the next hundred miles. All the rolling 
stock of the road is first-class in every respect, and every 
comfort is provided for the traveler. 

The train, after starting quickly, clears itself from the 
entanglement of the shops and car-houses, and Hampden 
Park may be seen on the left. The suburbs of Springfield 
seem very attractive, and the train soon reaches the new 
station of 


BRIGHTWOOD. 

This is a part of Springfield, and the site of the immense 
car-shops of the Wason Manufacturing Company. On the 
right is a neat bit of park, and on the left a full view of the 

61 


* 


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CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


great manufactory. The vast business of this company was 
founded by T. W. and C. Wason, in 1845, and the present 
shops were erected in 1873. 

CHICOPEE, 

Hampden Co., Mass., 137 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 11,286. 

The village is located on the east bank of the Connecti¬ 
cut, at its junction with the Chicopee River, and is a pros¬ 
perous manufacturing place. The Dwight Mills, seven in 
number, may be seen to the right, and making a most im - 
posing display. The Dwight Manufacturing Company em¬ 
ploys 2,000 hands, 70,000 spindles, and produces goods to 
the value of $20,000,000 every year. The Ames Manufactur¬ 
ing Co., also located here, employs 400 hands in gun-stock 
machinery, water-wheels, cannon, and art castings. Messrs. 
J. Stevens & Co., manufacturers of first-class fire-arms and 
machinists’ tools, have extensive works here, which, from 
their establishment in 1864, have maintained a superior 
reputation for the quality of their goods, and now occupy a 
foremost position among American manufacturers. Cabots- 
ville and Chicopee Falls, up the Chicopee Valley, are here 
connected with the main road by a branch line. A short 
ride along the river brings us to 

WILLIMANSETT, 

Chicopee, Hampden Co., Mass., 142 miles from N. Y. 

Is only a small station, and immediately after leaving it the 
train crosses the river on a wooden-covered bridge 700 feet 
long, and a good sample of an American truss bridge. 

HOLYOKE, 

Hampden Co., Mass., 142 miles from N. Y. City Population, 
22,000. Windsor Hotel. 

This city, located on a bend of the river, and on its west 
shore, commands one of the most noted water-powers in the 

62 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

world. The Connecticut river falls 60 feet in three-fourthi 
of a mile, and by the construction of an immense wooden 
dam, 30 feet high and 1,017 feet long, a part of the stream 
is turned aside, and by three canals is conveyed through 
the town to the various mills. The upper canal is now 
5,000 feet long, the second is 9,000 long, and the lower one 
4 000. Holyoke is the great paper making centre of this con¬ 
tinent. Nearly 100 tons of paper are manufactured daily at 
the immense mills of this noted city. To appreciate the 
importance of this branch of manufacture here, one should 
stop over and visit the mills in detail Cotton and woolen 
goods, thread, silk, alpacas, screws, wire, iron goods, ma¬ 
chinery, etc., are also largely manufactured here. As we 
cross the long bridge, on entering the city, to the left is 
seen the new French Catholic Church, erected near the site 
of the one destroyed by the fire in 1875, which burned to 
death seventy worshippers 

The Windsor Hotel, recently erected, is centrally located, 
three minutes’ walk from the station. There is a free coach 
to and from every train. It is a modem hotel, and is well 
kept by Mr. Gr. H. Bowker. Every room has hot and cold 
water, is heated by steam and lighted with gas ; has elec¬ 
tric bells, hydraulic elevator, etc. A large addition has re¬ 
cently been built, containing many suites of rooms, large and 
well-lighted sample rooms; one of the finest billiard halls in 
the State, private dining-rooms, and two halls for dancing, 
one accommodating 40 the other 100 couples. Adjoining 
this hotel is the Holyoke Opera House, one of the finest in 
the country, and will comfortably seat 1,200 persons, so 
that the sojourners at the Windsor never lack comfort or 
amusement. The va’ley at this point abounds in pleasant 
drives, and Mountains Nonotuck and Holyoke are but 
a few miles distant. These and the many different manu¬ 
factures that can be vis ted, and the Hotel, make 
Holyoke a desirable “ stopping-off ” place for New 
York visitors to the White Mountains. Leading from 
Holyoke, west, is the Holyoke Branch of the 

63 



WINDSOR HOTEL, HOLYOKE, MASS. 
G. H. Bowker, Proprietor . 


* 




























































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIYER ROUTE. 


New Haven and Northampton Railroad. This branch cox* 
nects with the main line at Westfield on the Boston and 
Albany Railroad. The water-power at Holyoke is more than 
sufficient for a million spindles, and already the manufac¬ 
turers employ 1,800 hands in the paper-mills, 2,000 hands in 
the fabric mills, and in other departments some 885 more. 
The product is over 40 tons of paper per day, 30,000 dozen 
spools of cctton per week, 850,000 yards of woolen, and a 
million blankets a year, besides great quantities of iron work, 
machinery, lumber, sashes, belts, reeds, screws, piano-wire, 
and other goods. 

From the station, the train passes quickly through the 
town, and in a moment passes in plain sight of the great 

dam and the falls, and skirts the edge of the broad slack 

water above, and close under the high hills that here in¬ 
trude upon the river, and make a narrow and romantic 

water-gap. The river winds in great sweeps through the 
hills, and the road follows the water’s edge closely, so that 
a mile or more of the track may be seen before and behind 
from the car-window. At every turn the hills become higher 
and bolder till we reach 

SMITH’S FERRY, 

Northampton, Hampshire Co., Mass., 145 miles from N. Y. 

We can willingly pause at this little station, for the pros¬ 
pect is one of the most charming on our road. Mount Hol¬ 
yoke, on the opposite shore, is coming into full view ; South 
Hadley lies to the east beyond the ferry, and up the stream 
the views of mountain and valley are surprisingly lovely. 
The village of South Hadley is reached from here by the aid 
of the ferry, and is mainly noted as containing the celebrated 
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, founded by Miss Mary 
Lyon, in 1837. 

4? the train moves on, the beautiful panorama of river and 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

mountain scenery increases in interest and beauty. These 
high wooded hills are a part of a range of greenstone that 
extends northward from New Haven, and in Mount Tom on 
the west, and Mount Holyoke on the east, about 1,200 feet 
feet high, finds its climax in this splendid gap. One of the 
most striking views may be obtained at 

MOUNT TOM STATION. 

This is merely a steamboat landing, and the junction of a 
short branch line from Easthampton, on the New Haven and 
Northampton Railroad. The steamer plies up the river to 
the carriage road that leads to the Holyoke Railway that 
ascends the mountain. The Prospect House, at the summit, 
was the first mountain house erected in this country, aud ha& 
always been one of the most popular. The view from the 
house is peculiarly American, and of great beauty and inter 
est. It includes the East and West Rocks at New Haven on 
the south, the Green Mountains in Vermont, Monadnock in 
New Hampshire, and Wachusett in Massachusetts, besides 
many other peaks of lesser note ; while between these moun¬ 
tain-fringed horizons spreads wide the immense valley of the 
Connecticut, carpeted with the varied crops of the farms. 
Pricked out upon its mosaic pattern are the spires of forty 
villages, scattered through four of our most prosperous com¬ 
monwealths. If the traveler has the time it will be well 
worth his time to stop here, and make a brief visit to this 
fascinating and popular resort. As the train moves on, the 
hotel on the summit comes into view, outlined against the sky. 
Mount Tom on the left, and Mount Holyoke on the right, 
seem to make a natural gateway here, and as the cars pass 
through, the great valley suddenly opens, wide, level, and 
surpassingly beautiful, and, absorbed in the prospect, the 
traveler thinks the train almost too quickly runs in among 
tho houses of 


65 


The Paper for the People. 

The Springfield Union. 

An Evening Paper that gives the News of the 
Day while it is News. 


Its readers pronounce it “ the best paper in New 
England,” and its circulation increases so steadily and 
rapidly that its readers evidently mean what they say. 

The UNION is an eight paged paper, which is fur¬ 
nished at the marvelously low price of Six DOLLARS 
a year or Fifty Cents a month. If you don’t take the 
Union now, give it a trial. 

The Weekly UNION, issued every Thursday morn¬ 
ing, is a first-class weekly paper that goes into all 
parts of New England and into all parts of the world 
where New England people go. The Weekly is only 
One Dollar per year. If you are too far away from 
Springfield to get the Daily Union promptly try 
the Weekly. 

The Union, Daily or Weekly, is one of the best 
advertising mediums in the country. Advertising rates 
and specimen copies furnished on application. 

Address, 

The Union, 

Springfield, Mass. 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


NORTHAMPTON, 

flampshire Co., Mass., 150 miles from JV. Y. Town Popular 
tion, 12,172. Hotel: Mansion House, 

This is one of the oldest and most famous towns in the val¬ 
ley. It was settled by a party from Hartford and Windsor 
in 1654, and is not only a fine farming town, but a favorite 
resort for pleasure-seekers from all parts of the Union. The 
numerous educational institutions, its libraries, its elegant 
houses, the quiet beauty of its elm-shaded streets, and more 
than all, the culture of its people, make one of the most 
desirable places of residence in the State. Its people have 
been among the most distinguished in the country. Here 
lived Rev. Jonathan Edwards, Major Joseph Hawley and 
Gov. Caleb Strong, and others famous in our earlier history; 
and the village has contributed four United States Senators* 
Many noted people from Europe and all parts of the country 
have visited Northampton, and the praise of its homes and 
meadows has been the theme of poem, picture and novel. 


THE MANSION HOUSE, 

Rodney Brown, Proprietor, 

Is a fine, large brick hotel, situated in the business center of 
the village on the principal street. A walk of not more than 
five minutes will take one from the Railroad Station to the 
hotel, and horse cars run frequently from the Conn. River 
Railroad, and New Haven and Northampton Railroad Sta¬ 
tions, passing the Mansion House to Florence and return. 
The Mansion House has been much improved under its 
present management, and is now a first-class hotel, which 
is kept open throughout the year. Fine billiard rooms, 
and a first-class livery are connected with the hotel, and 
the charges for board are very reasonable. 

66 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


The Public Library of Northampton now contains about 
10,000 volume * of the most popular works of the day* 
The elegant hall, reception rooms, reading room, and the 
art gallery in the Memorial Hall Building, are very fine 

The public reading room is open to all, and strangers have 
the privilege of the library by the payment of a small sum. 

The Smith Charities were founded by Oliver Smith, of 
Hatfield, who died December 23, 1845, and who endowed 
them with $ 200 , 000 , to be invested until principal and 
interest should amount to $400,000, when it was to be 
divided into three distinct funds—$360,000 of which was 
for indigent boys, children, young women, and widows. 

These funds now amount to nearly one million of dollars. 
Of the remainder, $30,000 goes to found Smith’s Agricultural 
School at Northampton in the year 1905, and $10,000 to the 
American Colonization Society. 

Clarke Institute, for the instruction of deaf mutes, was 
founded by John Clarke, and endowed with $250,000. 

Smith Female College, is an institution endowed by Miss 
Sophia Smith and the town of Northampton with $350,000. 
It is one of the best female colleges in this country. 

The Edwards Elms, on King Street, were planted by 
President Edwards. On the Hockanum route to Mount Hol¬ 
yoke stands the Great Elm tree immortalized by Dr. Holmes 
in his “ Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. ” It is thirty-one 
feet in circumference. 

Mount Holyoke, long celebrated for the view from its 
summit, which has less of grandeur than Mount Washing¬ 
ton and others of greater elevation, but is more beautiful 
and picturesque, is three miles distant, and 1,175 feet above 
the sea, crowned with the Prospect House for the accom¬ 
modation of summer day visitors. To reach the summit 
of Mt. Holyoke, cross the famed Northampton meadows 
and the river to the cottage, thence by vertical railway 600 
feet, or climb the 523 steps of stairway. 

67 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


Hockanum, the home of “ Kathrina, ” the heroine of 
Dr. Holland’s poem, and Mount Nonotuck, “ Mountain of 
the Blest, ” looking south-east, are both near. Visitors drive 
over meadows near the Ox Bow, within a few rods of the 
Eyrie House, on its summit, reached by easy foot-path. 
Nonotuck is not so high as Holyoke, but the view from the 
Eyrie House, looking north, was pronounced by Dr. Hitch" 
cock to be unique and the finest his eye ever rested on. 

Mount Tom, seven miles distant, the highest peak of the 
Holyoke range, Sugarloaf Mountain and Mount Toby, are 
all in full view from Round Hill. 

Amherst, beautifully situated on the western slope of the 
Holyoke range, nine miles distant, is the seat of Amherst 
College, with its famous cabinets, U»e Massachusetts Agri¬ 
cultural C liege, and the Durfee Plan; House, where can 
be seen an unusally fine collection of exotics. 

South Hadley, six miles distant, on the slope of the Hol¬ 
yoke Range, is the seat of the celebrated Mount Holyoke 
Female Seminary, founded by Miss Mary Lyon in 1837. 

FLORENCE, 

Hampshire Co., Mass., 

Situated 2-J miles west from Northampton, with which 
place it is connected by horse railroad, and by the New 
Haven and Northampton R. R. Population, 3,000. 

This is a manufacturing village, romantically situated on 
the Mill River, that so tragically caused the death of 140 
lives on May 16, 1874, by the breaking away of the Williams- 
burgh reservior. The finest building of the village is Cos- 
mian Hall, belonging to the Free Congregational Society, 
noted in moral and educational reforms. 

The large manufactories of the Nonotuck Silk Company, 
are located here, and the beautiful products of the mills, 
notably the “Corticelli” Sewing Silk and the “Florence” 
Knitting Silk, Silk Hosiery and Underwear are recognized 
throughout the continent as being thoroughly reliable in 
color, quality and amount warranted. 

68 



NONOTUCK SILK CO.'S WORKS, FLORENCE, MASS. 
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


EASTHAMPTON, 

Hampshire Co., Mass. Pop.. 4,000. Hotel , Mansion Home. 

Easthampton is situated on the New Haven and North¬ 
ampton R.R., directly connecting it with New York, and ia 
connected by a branch line with the Connecticut River R. R., 
at the Mt. Tom station, by which route it is seventeen miles 
north of Springfield. The village, which lies just west and 
almost under the shadow of Mt. Tom, the highest peak in 
the Holyoke range, owes its rapid growth and its prosperity 
to the various and extensive manufactures established there 
by the late Hon. Samuel Williston, a native of Easthampton. 
The principal companies are the National Button Co., the 
Nashawannuck Manufacturing Co. (having the largest sus 
pender factory in the world), the Williston Mills (for cotton 
yams), the Easthampton Rubber Thread Co., the Glendale 
Elastic Fabric Co., and the Valley Machine Co. 

The chief public institution of Easthampton is Williston 
Seminary, the various buildings of which occupy the square 
in the center of the town. It was founded by Mr. Williston 
in 1841, and received many liberal gifts from him during 
his life, and on his death, in 1874, an endowment exceeding 
that of any other preparatory school in the country—in all, 
about $800,000. The school consists of two departments, 
an English and a Classical; the first prepares for the higher 
schools of science; the second, for the requisitions of the 
first colleges. The Principal of the Seminary is Prof. J. 
W. Fairbanks, who is assisted by a corps of nine teachera 
The number of scholars exceeds two hundred, and is divided 
nearly equally between the two departments. 

Easthampton, from its accessibility, the intelligence and 
excellence of its people, its unusally healthy situation, and 
its exceptional educational advantages, offers many induce¬ 
ments as a place of residence. 

Northampton, the seat of Smith College, is only five miles 
distant by rail, and Mount Holyoke Seminary is scarcely 
farther away. The “ Mansion House ” is a hotel of high 
character, and a very comfortable home, both for families 
and for boarders. 


69 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


flie whole region around Northampton is celebrated for its 
charming beauty and for the number and excellence of 
its educational institutions. Just below Northampton 
is the outlet of Mill River, the scene of the great disaster of 
May 16,1874. This stream rises some fifteen miles north in 
Conway and Goshen, and supplies water-power to the vil¬ 
lages of Williamsburg, Skinnerville, Haydenville, Leeds, and 
Florence ; and, as it is an uncertain stream, a stone reservoir 
had been constructed near its sources. This broke loose, 
and the flood carried all before it, destroying mills, dams, 
houses, and everything in its way, and taking the lives of 
141 men, women, and children who lived and worked in ita 
path. Many deeds of heroism in warning and saving the 
people were recorded, and the disaster will long be remem¬ 
bered as one of the great calamities of the century. The 
New Haven and Northampton Railroad extends up the Mill 
River Valley to Williamsburg, and the station, at North¬ 
ampton, is close beside the station of the Connecticut Valley 
Road. Stages here connect with Amherst and North Hadley. 

As the train leaves the village the view again opens wide 
to the right. Over the level meadows may be seen the 
spires of Hadley and the college buildings at Amherst, seem¬ 
ingly at the foot of the blue hills so far to the east, but 
really not within two miles of them. The chief character¬ 
istics of this rather remarkable scenery that here passes is 
its vastness, the immense reach of the horizon, the gigantic 
sweep of the noble river, and the wooded hills on the horizon, 
all features peculiarly American, and unlike anything in 
Europe. 

HATFIELD, 

Hampshire Co. t Mass. , 154 miles from N. T. Town Popu¬ 
lation, 1,594. 

This is a farming town, devoted to tobacco culture. The 
tillage lies off to the right over the meadows. In 1676 the 

70 


NEW YORK TO WRITE MOUNTAINS. 


place suffered from the Indians, and though they wew 
severely punished by a party who came to the rescue from 
Hadley, the village was again attacked in the following year, 
and many of the people were killed or captured. Olivei 
Smith and his niece Sophia Smith, well known in connec¬ 
tion with the Smith Charities, both lived here. The road 
passes through patches of woods, and Sugarloaf Mountain 
comes in sight on the right, and the train presently stops at 

NORTH HATFIELD. 

This is only a small farming station and of no importance 
The country rapidly changes its character, and becomes 
wilder and more broken. The river has apparently turned 
away to the right and is lost to view, and wo do not see it 
again till we enter Vermont. 

WHATELY, 

Franklin Co., Mass., 157 miles from N. T. Town Popu> 
lation , 1,067. 

This is a small town on the edge of Franklin County, 
and wholly devoted to farming. As the train goes on north 
it passes a series of level farms all in the highest state of cul¬ 
ture, and Sugarloaf Mountain, that rises abruptly some 
500 feet above the plains, becomes an object of interest. 
Its steep, rocky walls show some fine geological sections, and 
its peak is historically famous as the supposed headquarters 
of King Philip in the old Indian wars. This mountain rises 
close to the river that lies off to our right, and from its sum¬ 
mit a fine view is obtained, to the south, down the valley. 
The village nestled close to the foot of the mountain, and 
the next stopping place is 

SOUTH DEERFIELD, 

Deerfield, Franklin Co., Mass., 159 miles from N. T. 

This place is noted as the scene of the battle of Bloody 
Brook in 1675. The first fight took place near the souther! 

V 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


end of Sugarloaf. A few weeks latei a company of eighty 
men, escorting teams loaded with grain from Deerfield, were 
ambushed by a large force of Indians, and nearly all were 
killed. The Deerfield Company, hearing the firing, came tc 
the rescue, but too late, and, though the Indians were driven 
off with great slaughter, the loss of the settlers was very 
severe. A monument in the village commemorates the 
event. 

Beyond South Deerfield the road climbs by long grades up 
the sides of Deerfield Mountain, and stops at a lovely, windy 
station higli up on the mountain side. The village far be¬ 
low in the meadows on the left is 

DEERFIELD, 

Franklin Co ., Mass. 166 miles from N. 7. Town Popu - 
lotion , 4,000. 

This charming town, wholly devoted to farming, is a favorite 
summer resort for New York families, who seek in its elm- 
shaded villages the pure air, wholesome fare, varied scenery, 
and delicious quiet it so freely affords. The village is some¬ 
what remarkable for the great size and number of noble 
elms that line its principal street, and in the old Indian times 
it was the scene of a terrible massacre in 1704. The deep 
snow enabled the savages to invade the stockade built 
round the village, and with the aid of the French from 
Canada they destroyed the place and took many of the peo¬ 
ple prisoners to Canada. They were pursued by the Hat¬ 
field settlers, but without avail, and the trials and sufferings 
of the people make one of the most heroic chapters of our 
early history. 

“ There are three things to-day, in Deerfield, which com¬ 
memorate the history of those cruel days. The old door, a 
tombstone in the burial yard with an epitaph to Mrs. Wii 
Liams, and a monument on the public green. 

72 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


44 The epitaph is very quaint: 

“ 4 Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Eunice Williams, the vi» 
fcuous and desirable comfort of the Rev. Mr. John Williams, 
and daughter to ye Rev. Eleazer Mather of Northampton. 
She was born Aug. 2nd, 1664, and fell by the rage of ye bar¬ 
barous enemy, March 1, 1703 | 4.’ 

“The inscription on the monument on the green reads 
thus: 

44 4 This monument stands upon the Meeting House Hill, 
and is within the limits of the old Fort, built AD, 1689, and 
which remained until a.d. 1758, and was one of the chief 
defenses of the early settlers against the attacks of the sav¬ 
age Indians. With pious affection and gratitude, their de¬ 
scendants would hereby associate the sacrifices and sufferings 
of the fathers of the town in establishing our institutions 
with those of their children in defending them.’ 

44 The old 4 Door,’made of yellow pine, closely studded 
with nails, more than anything else, is the living representa¬ 
tive of that great contest between barbarism and civilization. 
The marks of the tomahawk suggest some of the early lines 
of Whittier: 

44 ‘ Then smote the Indian tomahawk 
On crashing door and shattering lock; 

Then rang the rifle shot, and then 
The shrill death-scream of stricken men; 

Bank the red axe in woman's brain, 

And childhood’s cry arose in vain.’ 

“The Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association has pre¬ 
served this “ Door” in its Memorial Hall. The peasant 
bard of Gill, Josiah D. Quincy, thus eloquently speaks of it: 

44 4 Bless thee, old relic,- old, and brown, and scarred. 

And bless Old Deerfield 1 says her grandson bard. 

Towns may traditions have by error span. 

She has the Door of History — that’s the one.* 

4 . • 73 



CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTfi, 


“ The Meeting House, where Mr. Williams preached, was 
built in 1694. The well dug and stoned in the year 1687 
still stands as secure as the day it was completed. There is 
another historic relic, ‘ lying, situate, and being ’ in Pocum- 
tuck Valley Memorial Hall, an old cannon, which has en¬ 
dured all kinds of treatment. It was presented to the town 
by Queen Anne, and during the last fifty years has been 
stolen by all the surrounding towns. 

The Connecticut Valley here is broad and beautiful and 
opens to the view of the tourist a scene of peculiar charm. 
This region is fertile, beautiful and historic. The whole 
country is full of interest to the geologist, and the finest tracks 
and bird marks in our country are found in the vicinity. Ar¬ 
thur’s Seat is a fine elevation to the north-west. The Deer¬ 
field Hills rise to the north-east, Sugarloaf to the south-east. 
Pocumtuck Rock is one mile east of the depot. Deerfield is 
noted for its pure air, healthy surroundings and freedom 
from malaria. 

An the train leaves the lovely station, perched so high in 
the air above the Deerfield valley, a remarkable succession 
of views over the meadows, the village houses, the Deerfield 
River, and the high hills on the west may be obtained from 
the windows on the left. On the right the wooded hills 
shut off the view till the long wooden bridge is reached 
where the Deerfield River breaks a wild and rocky path 
through the hills and flows away to the Connecticut on the 
other side of the mountains. The view from the high 
bridge is picturesque and peculiar, as it opens a wide view of 
the Deerfield River flowing in from the south, and the Green 
River coming down from the north, and the two here uniting. 
The hills seem to come nearer on the left, and after passing 
the road branching off to Grout’s Corner on the right, and 
the high bridge of the Hoosac Railroad on the left, we entei 

74 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

GREENFIELD. 

Franklin Co., Mass., 169 miles from N. Y. Town Population 
5,000. Hotel, Mansion House. 

Very little of the village can be seen from the depot, as it 
is on the hill to the east. On the west may be seen a few 
shops and the Green River Valley opening among the hills 
to the north-west. Greenfield is an important railroad 
and manufacturing centre. The Vermont & Massachusetts 
Railroad, extending westerly through the northern part of 
Worcester Co., Mass., from Fitchburg, here connects with 
the Connecticut River Road for points north and south in the 
Connecticut Valley, and via the Hoosac Tunnel, forms the 
Hoosac Tunnel Route through the Green Mountains to North 
Adams, Mass., and Troy, N. Y. At Grout’s Corner, a few 
miles east of Greenfield, the Vermont & Massachusetts 
Road connects with the New London Northern Railroad that 
extends southward to New London, Conn., crossing the 
Boston & Albany Road at Palmer, Mass. Among the 
Franklin hills, in this quiet, peaceful town, surrounded 
by cultured refinement, are offered inducements that sum¬ 
mer guests appreciate. There are drives of beauty and 
wide renown; the grandest of views, and every convenience 
for making the summer life one never to be forgot. 

The Mansion House, under its present management, has 
become a princely holstery, and with the opening of the 
present season, offers more improvements, and better accom¬ 
modations than ever before. Only a few miles from the 
hotel is the famous Hoosac Tunnel on which the state has 
expended upwards of $20,000,000, and which is to-day the 
vast gateway of transportation between the east and west. 
Turner’s Falls, a picturesque series of rapids on the Con¬ 
necticut, may be easily reached from Greenfield by road or 
rail. Near these falls the first “bird track remains” were 
found that have so excited the interests of geological 
j-tudents in all parts of the world. Fine samples of these 
fossil tracings may >e seen at the museum at Amherst. 

% 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Leaving Greenfield, the railroad enters a wild, wooded up¬ 
land region, with here and there a dairy farm among the 
hills. 

BERNARDSTON, 

Franklin Co., Mass., 176 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 934. 

This is merely a farming town, on the northern edge of 
Massachusetts, but, like many places in the State, famous 
for its educational facilities. In this case it is the Powers 
Institute that makes the fame of the town. The character 
of the country rapidly changes. The road passes deep cuts 
and thick woods and upland farms. It turns more to the 
east, and presently there are views of the river flowing dark 
and swift below in its narrow channel between the hills. 
The wooded heights seem to draw nearer, and at every step 
the scenery increases in interest. The road turns away 
again to the north, and a gray old church, perched on a 
lovely hill high above the river, gives a romantic aspect to 
the wild, rough valley. The road keeps on the plateau, high 
above the river, and soon passes 

NORTKFIELD, 

Franklin Co., Mass. Population , 1,603. Hotel — Wilson's. 

Which lies on east side of Connect 'rat River, and is a neat, 
clean-looking village with handso ue driveways, its main 
street being two and a half miles long. A pretty little ceme¬ 
tery is on the left hand. Northfield is especially notable 
now for its Young Ladies’ Seminary and Boys’ School, both 
under the immediate direction of Rev. D. L. Moody, the 
Evangelist, whose home is here. In the former the number 
of pupils is about 150, and in the latter, 1J0. The large brick 
building on our right hand, near the river, is the Recitation 
Hall. A silver mine, which gives promise of rich products, 
has been opened east of the village. The hotel of the town 
is Wilson’s, which offers superior accommodations at mod¬ 
erate prices.. Livery connected. 

76 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


SOUTH VERNON, 

Vernon, Windham Go., Vermont , 183 miles from N. T. 

This is the exact spot where the line between Vermont and 
Massachusetts crosses the river; the State line passing di¬ 
rectly through the railroad station house. The Ashuelot 
Railroad, that extends north-easterly through Hinsdale, Win¬ 
chester and Swansea, to Keene, in New Hampshire, here 
connects with the Connecticut River Road and the Vermont 
and Massachusetts Road. The Ashuelot Railroad bridge 
over the river is seen on the right, and after a short ride, 
the views increase in variety and interest. The road slides 
down by easy grades to the more level intervals near the 
river, and the scenery changes from the picturesque to the 
beautiful. Just before the next station is reached there is 
a momentary sight of Monadnock Mountain, seemingly at 
the head of the Ashuelot Valley that opens far to the right. 
The mountain stands 30 miles away, in the town of Jaffrey, 
and is our first hint of the mountain land towards which we 
are traveling. It is 3,450 feet high, and one of the most 
noted solitary mountains in New England. The railroad over 
which we now pass to Brattleboro’ was opened for through 
traffic in 1850, and now makes part of a continuous route 
from Boston, via Fitchburg, to Brattleboro’, Bellows Falls, 
and the northern parts of Vermont and New Hampshire. 
The New London Northern R. R. Co. operates the railroad be¬ 
tween South Vernon and Brattleboro’, and the Connecticut 
River R. R. operates the line from Brattleboro’ to Windsor, 
Vt., running its trains to Windsor and points north. 

VERNON. 

Windham Go., Vt., 188 miles from N. Y. Population 652. 

Agriculture is the one interest here. During the early wars 
Vernon suffered severely from the Indians. Admirable 
views to the right and up the river show we are entering the 
hill country. Mount Wantastiquiet, the highest hill we 
have met, comes into sight. 


77 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


BRATTLEBORO’. 

Windham Co., Vt., 193 miles from N. T. Town Population 
5,880. Brooks House, Brattleboro ’ House. 

The handsome granite station gives the traveler a hint 
of the charming village only a few rods out of sight, 
upon the plateau above the river. The first settlement was 
made here in 1724, and a stockade called Fort Dummer 
erected. It was supposed to be within the limits of Massa¬ 
chusetts, and was the outpost of civilization on the north. 
It has been the birthplace and residence of a number of no¬ 
ted people. Ex-Governor Holbrook, of Vermont, General 
J. W. Phelps, Mr. Charles C. Frost, the botanist, Larkin G. 
Mead, the sculptor, and Jacob Estey, the founder of the Estey 
Organ Works, have made Brattleboro’ famous throughout 
the country. Main Street, extending north and south along 
the west bank of the river, is only a few steps from the sta¬ 
tion and 100 feet above the stream. Whitstone Creek 
empties into the river here and supplies water-power to the 
manufactories. The Estey Organ Works were founded in 
1846, and are among the largest musical instruments manu¬ 
factories in the world. They comprise eight three-story 
shops, each 38 x 100, operated by a three-horse-power en¬ 
gine. The product is 200 organs every week. Machinery, 
carriages, and castings are largely produced in Brattleboro’. 
The Vermont Asylum for the Insane, founded by Mrs. Anna 
Marsh in 1834, is located in the northern part of the town. 
For years Brattleboro’ has been known as one of the most 
popular summer resorts in the Connecticut Valley. The 
village is built upon the natural terraces that make such a 
feature of this valley, and its finer and more costly dwell¬ 
ings are some of them 300 feet above the river and the 
railroad. This elevated site, the thickly-planted trees that 
line its streets, the charming drives and walks in every di¬ 
rection, and the mountain more than a thousand feet high 
that stands sentinel beside the river, give the village a most 
attractive aspect, and it is small wonder that nearly a thou 
■and visitors may sometimes be found here in summer. 

78 




CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


PUTNEY, 

Windham Co., Vt., 202 miles from N. Y. Town Popula 
tion , 1,167. 

The village is a short distance to the north of the station. 
Par away to the right, among the N. H. hills, the village oi 
Westmoreland comes into sight. Just above the church thal 
stands north of the village the road-bed of the Cheshire Rail¬ 
road may be seen. This road, coming from Keene in a north¬ 
westerly direction, here enters the valley and follows the op¬ 
posite shore till the two unite at Bellows Falls. Several fine 
tobacco and dairy farms pass, and then the train stops at 

WESTMINSTER, 

Windham Co., Vt., 213 miles from N. Y. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 544. 

This town has some historical note as offering the first, 
though unarmed, resistance to the English authority in the 
Revolution. There having been some dispute between the 
Royal authorities at New York and the settlers here as to the 
titles of their lands, the people, early in March, 1775, took 
possession of the court-house and refused to allow the court 
to hold its sessions. The authorities fired upon the unarmed 
people, and two of the settlers were killed. The Royalists 
were then seized and taken to Northampton and lodged in 
jail. It is said that this resistance of the people to English 
authority precipitated the Revolution, as it was the indirect 
cause of the battle of Lexington. General Gage, in Boston, 
hearing of the Westminster affair, at once took steps against 
the Americans, and so it was that the spark here lit blazed up 
at Concord Bridge. 

The village is a small and pleasant place, about a mile 
south of the station. Opposite, in New Hampshire, is the 
town of Walpole, settled in 1782 by Colonel Benjamin Bel¬ 
lows, and since noted as the home of the Bellows family. 
It is a neat and pretty village, and a favorite summer resort 
on account of its seclusion, and the Swiss-like character ol 
its scenery. The intervals by the river, and even the steep 

*>■ * 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


tlllsides, are here covered with prosperous farms. Mount Kil 
burn’s rocky peaks come into view, the houses multiply on 
the left, and by the shore is a group cf substantial mill s. 
The river roars and foams down its rapids, and after passing 
a short tunnel the train stops at 

BELLOWS FALLS. 

Rockingham , Windham Co., Vt., 216 miles from N. T. 

Town Population , 2,854. Village Population, 697. 

Town's Hotel and Island Home. 

Bellows Falls makes a convenient half-way house between 
New York and the mountains. The morning train from the 
city reaches here at the edge of the evening, and the noon 
train at midnight; and by stopping here over night a re¬ 
freshing night’s rest may be obtained, the chief places of in¬ 
terest easily seen in the morning, and the journey continued 
by daylight to the mountains. Bellows Falls has long been 
famous for its water-power and manufactures, and as a 
charming summer resort. The river here takes an abrupt 
turn, and by the aid of a dam and a short canal, the water 
is diverted and used in the mills south of the village, and 
below the rocky pass where the river seems to break through 
the hills. The river falls 42 feet in a short space, and the 
rapids make a picturesque feature of the place. The manu¬ 
factures are wood pulp for making paper and papers of all 
kinds. The paper used for the Boston Herald and other 
newspapers is made here, and many other places are supplied 
with poplar wood-pulp from these mills. The village is 
clustered about the paper-mills and railroads next the river, 
and scattered over the elevated plateau above, on the west¬ 
ern bank. 

The hotels, both owned by Mr. Charles Town, are among 
the best in Vermont. The Town’s Hotel on the businesi 
street is open all the season, and the Island House, on a com 
4 * 8] 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


manding site just above the depot and the falls, is open in 
the summer months, and makes one of the most charming 
homes to be found in the valley. The grounds about the 
house are finely laid out, and paths are cut through the 
woods and along the river bank, giving shady walks to.the best 
views, and affording secure and ample play-grounds for the 
children. From the hotel windows are fine views up and 
down the valley for a long distance, while Mt Kilbum, rising 
800 feet above the water, seems to overshadow the house. 
The chief points of interest and the best views are all within 
easy walking distance of the Island H juse. To reach the 
upper village, turn to the right from the hotel, and walk till 
the Town’s Hotel is reached. Here turn to the left up the 
hill. At the top, just beyond the church, admirable views 
may be obtained for miles down the river. Where the street 
divides, turn to the right up another short hill, and after 
passing several fine residences, the curious basin of Saxton’s 
River will be reached. This sing ular depression in the hills, 
and the deep valley behind the town, are both of great inter¬ 
est, and of surpassing beauty. From this point the walk 
may be continued to the right < hrough the village, till a long 
row of stately pines is reached. Here, under the shado of 
the trees, opens a magnificent view up the valley. The river 
and the railroad are below. The wooded hills stretch hill be¬ 
yond hill to the north, and ti e long gap is closed at the end by 
the noble form of Mount Af,cutney, in Windsor. This moun¬ 
tain, though 27 miles away, is in full view, and makes a fit 
prelude to the grander peaks we are to see on our northward 
journey. Just here another road leading back to the lowei 
town, and a shorter walk down to the right and to the left 
over the canal bridge, and past the station, will bring one to 
the Island House again. 

The falls are close beside the house, and a short walk to the 
left leads to the bridge over the rapids, and to the shady path* 

82 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


along the shore to the right of the bridge. From the bridgt 
and the road on the New Hampshire bank, good views may be 
obtained of the wild water as it roars and foams through the 
rocky gorge. The summit of Mount Kilbum, mile, may 
be reached by a good bridle path. Crossing the bridge, turn 
to the left for a few rods, and then the path may be seen 
on the right. Admirable roads extend along both banks of 
the river, and convenient drives may be taken to Walpole 
and other places of interest. Free carriages meet every 
train for the hotel, and the best of fare and good rooms may 
always be found at both houses. 

Bellows Falls is the junction of four railroads. The Cheshire 
Railroad from Fitchburg; the Rutland and Burlington Rail¬ 
road, extending northwest through Vermont to Burlington 
the Sullivan Railroad and the Central Vermont Railroad go¬ 
ing north, up the valley; and the Vermont Valley, over 
which we have just traveled—all meet here, and make close 
connections. Our train is on the left of the station, and in 
taking the cars, it is important to take one marked “ Pas- 
sumpsic River,” as it will save the trouble of changing carp 
at White River Junction. The road now follows the east, oi 
New Hampshire, side of the river, until we reach Windsor, 
some 26 miles farther on, and the best views may be seen 
on the left. 

After crossing the river, the road skirts the bank, giving 
fine views on the left of the same, romantic as below the 
Falla. The first station is 

SOUTH CHARLESTOWN, 

Charlestown, Sullivan Co., N. H., 220 miles from N. T. 

This is a small farming place. The fine farms in the in 
tervals, the comfortable homes and suggestive bams give a 
good impression of Vermont and New Hampshire thrift and 
industry, and the ancient beaches, or natural terraces, thai 

83 


OONNEGTIC UT RIVER ROUTE. 


extend for miles along the valley, make a strange geological 
feature of the scenery of peculiar interest. 

CHARLESTOWN, 

Sullivan Co., IT. jff, 224 miles from N. Y. Town Population, 

1741 . 

The village, charmingly located among the hills, presents an 
attractive appearance from the road as the cars approach the 
station. It was first known as Fort Number Four, and io one 
of the oldest settlements. It stood a three days’ siege in 
1747 against the French and Indians. Captain Stevens was 
rewarded for his bravery by a present of a sword from Sir 
Charles Knowles, an English naval officer in Boston, and from 
this incident the settlement took its present name. There 
are several woollen mills here, and it is an active town. The 
road then enters a wilder and more wooded country, and 
passes the little station of 

SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT. 

Farming is tne only interest, and in the bottom lands some 
fine samples of varied culture may be seen. The thriving 
village of Springfield is a few miles west of the station. The 
road now turns away from the river, and follows long upward 
grades till it reaches the station at 

NORTH CHARLESTOWN, 

Charlestown , Sullivan Co., N. H., 229 miles from N. Y. 

The village lies in a deep valley below the road, and in the 
midst of the most beautiful scenery. The wooded hills 
stand round about it, and from the elevated station we can 
look out over the houses down into the valley and the river 
beyond, now lost among the hills. As the road leads on it 
winds among the hill-tops and past the upland farms. To 
the left, the peaks of Ascutney come into view over the hilli, 
and the trains stop at 


84 


HEW YOKE TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


CLAREMONT JUNCTION, 

Claremont , SuRwan Co., N. H., 233 miles from N. Y. Town 
Population , 4,053. 

Claremont village is two miles east of this station, and is a 
place of some importance as a manufacturing center, on ac¬ 
count of the valuable water-power furnished by the Su&ar 
River, that here flows westerly into the Connecticut. The 
road passes a number of deep cuts through sand and clay, 
and approaches the Sugar River bridge. Ascutney Mountain 
on the left comes into nearer view, and as the train rolls 
alowly out on the bridge, 105 feet above the foaming river, a 
scene of surpassing grandeur is opened on the left. Below is 
the river, the fertile plains that stretch out towards the Con¬ 
necticut, beyond the greater river among its wooded hills, 
and over all the triple peaks of Ascutney, rising 3,320 feet 
into the air above the smiling valley. The train stops just 
at the end of the bridge, and giving an opportunity to 
leisurely examine this magnificent prospect. Rarely can 
anything finer be seen in Europe, and this is our own New 
England. The white dots of houses so far below, are the 
comfortable homes of a cultivated and prosperous people, 
and there are no wretched ruins to mar the peaceful scene. 
The little station perched on the mountain side is 

WEST CLAREMONT. 

It is a convenient depot for the farmers hereabouts, and 
beyond the splendid scene it offers from its platforms it has 
no interest for us As the train goes on it quickens its pace, 
and at full speed runs down the long* inclines that lead to the 
river below. Ascutney changes its form as we near it. New 
beauties of ragged flank and wooded peak come into view, 
and the traveler is charmed at its varying aspects. As the 
lower lands are reached, the comfortable farm-houses vie 
with the mountain in attractiveness. Then cornea the 

85 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


long bridge over the Connecticut, and fine views open both 
up and down, and the train enters the station at 

WINDSOR, 

Windsor Co., Vt., 242 miles from N. Y. Town Population, 
1,700. 

This is a representative Vermont town. Water-power 
from Mill Brook is employed by machine-shops, foundries, and 
gun-shops. The United States Court House, the churches 
and banks, and the large number of elegant private resi 
dences and summer villas are the chief objects of interest 
The village is well laid out, and liberally planted with tree* 
and in every direction are charming drives among the hills, 
or over the rich meadows by the river. There is a road and 
bridle path to Mount Ascutney, five miles, and from its sum¬ 
mit a view may be obtained that is said to be equal to soms 
of those in the White Mountains. Windsor is also the 
center of one of the finest wool-growing districts in the 
State. The Sullivan road ends here, and the Vermont Cen¬ 
tral begins, but as we are in a Passumpsic River car, we have 
no need to change. Changing our seats might be desirable, 
for we are now on the Vermont shore, and the best views 
will be on the right. As the train starts again, some fine 
views of the Cornish Hills in New Hampshire are obtained. 
We cross Ball’s Brook on an open bridge that gives a free out¬ 
look over the country to the right, and of a pretty waterfall 
on the left. The scenery continues interesting till we reach 

HARTLAND, 

Windsor Co., Vt., 246 miles from N. Y. Town Population , 

1,710. 

The depot is in the woods, and the town is agricultural 
After passing the station, pine woods and wild sandy hills ar* 
passed for several miles. There are occasional viewB of JUt 
cutney down the stream, and the train stops at 

*6 


tfCW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAIN*. 


NORTH HARTLAND, 

Hartiand, Windsor Co ., Vt., 250 miles from N. T. 

This is a small farming village in the northern part of the 
town. Soon after passing it the road crosses the Otta Que- 
chee River, over a bridge 650 feet long and 80 feet above the 
water. A natural waterfall on the left, just above the bridge, 
will here be noticed. The Connecticut becomes narrower 
and flows more swiftly between the slaty banks. The road 
passes through deep cuts of blue slate, and in a little while 
the scene spreads wider, and on the opposite shore may be 
seen the pretty village of Lebanon, in New Hampshire. The 
large brick building is the Tilden Female Seminary, a noted 
educational institution. The long railroad bridge comes in 
sight, and we reach 

WHITE RIVER JUNCTION, 

Hartford, Windsor Co., Vt ., 256 miles from AT. Y. Town 
Population , 2,480. Hotel—Junction House. 

This is the junction of the Central Vermont, that here 
turns away to the northwest, up the valley of the White 
River, to Burlington and St. Albans, and the Connecticut and 
Passumpsic River Railroad, that goes northerly to Wells River, 
Lake Memphremagog, Sherbrooke, on the Grand Trunk Road 
in Canada, and the White Mountains. The Northern New 
Hampshire, connecting, via Concord, N. H., with Boston, 
here joins the two other roads, and all the trains meet at a 
common station. All trains stop here for dinner, and an ex¬ 
cellent restaurant and lunch rooms are provided. Of the cars 
fa at have made up our train so far, those marked Passumpsic 
River go on without change. As we took this car at Spring- 
f.eld, or Bellows Falls, there is no change yet. The village is 
some distance to the west of the junction, and has an iron 
l aundry and machine-shop. The various trains that have 
gathered round the station start away one after another, and 
our car enters upon the 


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CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


CONNECTICUT AND PASSUMPSIC RIVER 
RAILROAD. 

T HIS road was opened for business from White River 
Junction to Wells River (40 miles) in 1850, to Derby 
(110 miles) on the Canada line, and to Sherbrooke, where it 
connects with the Grand Trunk R. R. and Quebec Central 
R. R. to Quebec. From Newport a steamer in the summer 
months makes the tour of Lake Memphremagog every day. 

On leaving White River Junction the road crosses White 
River and goes on up the valley, through pine woods and 
past rapids in the now narrow river. 

NORWICH AND HANOVER, 

Norwich, Windsor County, Vermont, 260 miles from N. Y. 
Town Population, 1,639. 

Hanover, Grafton Co., N. H. Town Population, 2,085. 

Stage for Hanover connects with all trains . 

Norwich, in Vermont, is noted for its manufactures of 
shoes, leather, and cabinet ware. Hanover, in New Hamp¬ 
shire, is directly opposite the station, and has a fine elevated 
site on a plain 180 feet above the river, and has some manu¬ 
factories for hardware, paper and furniture. It is a favorite 
place of resort in summer, as it presents many pleasant walks 
and drives, and is the centre of much of New Hampshire’s 
intellectual life. In the village stands Dartmouth College, 
one of the most famous colleges in the country. It was foun¬ 
ded in 1769, and named from William, Earl of Dartmouth. 
It has been the Alma Mater of some of the most intel¬ 
lectual and highly cultivated men of the nation, and claims. 

88 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


upon its rolls the names of such men as Webster, Choate., 
Woodbury, Marsh, and Chase. The college buildings are well 
worth a visit, if one can spare the time. From the depot 
nothing can be seen of either town. 

The next district passed is full of picturesque woodland 
scenery, and then a more open farming country is touched, 
and the train stops at 

POMPANOOSUC, 

Norwich, Windsor Co., Vt., 266 miles from N. Y. Stages to 
Union Village and Strafford , Vt. 

This is only a small station, and it is soon passed, and the 
country grows more open, quiet, and pleasing. Mining is 
carried on to a considerable extent in this region. The ore is 
used for manufacturing sulphuric acid, and is exported tc 
Baltimore and other cities from stations hereabouts, as it is 
found in the town of Vershire, a few miles to the west of the 
road, and not far from 

THETFORD AND LYME. 

Thetford, Orange Co., Vt., 271 miles from N. Y. Town, 
Population, 1,913. 

Lyme, Orafton Co.. N. H. Town Population, 1,358. Stages 
for West Fairlee, Vershire , and Chelsea, Vt. 

These two towns are neither in sight of the little station 
that is common to both. Thetford, in Vermont, is an active 
manufacturing place. The chief interests are woolens, fur¬ 
niture, and carriages. Slate is also quarried here. Lyme, 
in New Hampshire, is purely agricultural. 

As the train goes on the valley grows more hilly and sandy, 
and a couple of miles brings us to 

NORTH THETFORD, 

Thetford, Orange Co., Vt.^ 273 miles from N. Y. 

A mining and agricultural station. Picturesque riewi 

*9 



CONNECTICUT ft TVER ROUTE. 


over the hills and river open on the right, and the train book 
passes the little station of 


ELY. 

Beyond this the hills become bolder, and intrude upon the 
narrow strip of rich interval by the river. 

FAIRLEE AND ORFORD, 

Fairlee, Orange Go., Vt., 278 miles from N. 7. Town 
Population, 416. 

Orford, Grafton Co., N. II. Town Population, 1,119. 

The pretty village of Orford in New Hampshire is in sight 
from the road as we pass, and then the hills grow highei 
and the valley narrows. A high, rocky cliff in the hills be¬ 
gins to hint of the mountain walls we are soon to see, and 
between the hills higher hills come into sight, and the land¬ 
scape puts on a mountain aspect. 

PIERMONT STATION, 

Piermont, Grafton Co., N. H. Town Population, 792. 

This is the depot for the farming town of Piermont, on 
the other side of the river. The village lies some distance to 
the east among the hills. The views to the right increase 
in interest at every turn of the winding road. Waits 
River, a small stream flowing in from the west, is crossed 
said the train stops at 

BRADFORD, 

Orange Co., Vt., 285 miles from N. Y. Town Population. 

1,492. 

Stages to Corinth, Washington, Topsham, Orange, and Barre. 

Bradford is one of the largest manufacturing towns in this 
part of the Connecticut valley. Waits River furnishes 
water-power for extensive shops and foundries, and large 
quantities of castings, machinery, woolen goods, starch, 
and fish kits are annually made here. The village may be 


HEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


■een, in part, to the left. As one of those curious instances 
of Vermont inventive and scholastic genius, it may be 
mentioned that the first school globe in this country was 
here made in 1812. Beyond this station the valley widens 
again, and the hills retreat and open, changing views of the 
real mountains. We have now nearly come up level with 
the mountains, and Moose Hillock, 3,636 feet high, wins the 
admiring attention to the right up the river. In the early 
days of mountain travel, it was considered a great and 
notable peak, but since the greater glories of the White Hills 
have become familiar it seems less important. Other peaks 
at the south-western verge of the Franconia Mountains also 
show themselves, and excite pleasant anticipations of the 
journey’s end. 

SOUTH NEWBURY AND HAVERHILL, 

Newbury, Orange Co., Vt ., 289 miles from N. Y. 

Haverhill, Grafton Co., N. H. Town Population, 2,271. 

Haverhill is in sight on the bluff above the river on the 
New Hampshire shore, as the train nears the little station 
that is common to both villages. South Newbury is only a 
small farming place. The beauty of the scenery here 
attracts the eye continually, and the miles fly past almost too 
quickly. 

NEWBURY, 

Orange Co., Vt., 292 miles from N. Y. Town Population , 

2,241. 

Newbury is an ancient town, and long famous for its sul¬ 
phur springs and its charming scenery. The village is pleas¬ 
antly situated on a bluff to the left of the railroad, and to 
reach the station the train passes a short tunnel under the 
eastern end of the natural terrace on which it stands. There 
are several manufactories of leather, starch, paper, and 
■hoes, and there is an excellent academy. The sulphur 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


springs have long been a favorite resort for invalids, and th« 
two hotels are in the season well filled. The Connection! 
River just here takes a great sweep to the east and then to 
the west, forming what is called the Great Ox Bow Meadows. 
The Franconia Mountains come into full view, and these, 
with the wooded hills and splendid farms, unite to beguile 
the traveler into making a long visit in Newbury. Mount 
Pulaski, just back of the village, gives a noble view over the 
great meadows, the river, and the hills, far to the east 
wheie the White Hills bound the horizon. No finer or more 
varied views can be found on the Connecticut this side of 
Motmt Holyoke. Newbury has its Revolutionary heroes in 
General Jacob Bagley and Colonel Thomas Johnson, both of 
whom were men of mark in the town, and in the Battle of 
Bunker Hill the men of Newbury bore their honorable part. 

As the train rolls over the broad, smooth meadows, one 
cannot fail to remark the signs of a rich and prosperous 
agriculture on every hand. As we advance the mountains 
seem to draw near. The whole character of the country 
changes. The river becomes narrow, wild, and full of rapids, 
and the woods grow deeper and darker. Then the train 
stops at 

WELLS RIVER, 

Newbury , Orange Co., Vt. % 296 miles from N. T. Stages 
for Byegate , South Byegate, and Croton. 

We now reach the last link in our chain of railroads, and 
here change cars for the White Mountains. The next road 
is the Boston, Concord, Montreal and White Mountain 
Railroad, and the cars will be found on the track at the right 
of our train. The village of Wells River is an active manu¬ 
facturing place, having a good water-power in the little Wells 
River, that here flows into the Connecticut from the west. 
The railroad connections are important. The Passumpsic 
Road follows the Connecticut northward to St. Johnsbury 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


and Newport, Vermont, where it connects with South 
Eastern R. R. for Montreal, and continues thence to Sher¬ 
brooke, Canada, where it connects with Grand Trunk R. R. 
and Quebec Central for Quebec. The Boston, Concord and 
Montreal Road leads from Wells River to the southeast via 
Plymouth, Lake Winnipiseogee, and Concord in New 
Hampshire, and^on to Boston ; the Wells River and Mont¬ 
pelier Road leads to the west, to Montpelier, the capital of 
Vermont, and the White Mountain Road leads northeasterly 
past the Franconia and White Mountains to Northumber¬ 
land, on the Grand Trunk line. They all unite at the 
junction, and the trains on each road connect with all 
others. While the trains are waiting, it is worth the while 
to look about over the picturesque mountain views that are 
spread in every direction, for this is the gateway to the 
higher hills, and the most interesting part of the whole 
side here begins. 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


Boston, Concord, and Montreal and White 
Mountain Kailroad. 


T HIS last road, extending some fifty-two miles from Wells 
River Junction to Northumberland, was opened to 
Littleton in 1853, and has more recently been opened for 
through traffic. It is now operated by the Boston, Concord, 
and Montreal R. R. Co., and hence its long name. 

As the train leaves the station and crosses the Connecti¬ 
cut, romantic views are opened in both directions, and in a 
moment after the train stops at 

WOODSVILLE, 

Haverhill , Grafton Go., N. H., 297 miles from N. Y. 

At once we come to a new and strange country. We enter 
the valley of the Lower Ammonoosuck, and at this little vil¬ 
lage see its white waters pouring over the log dam. Lum¬ 
ber in vast quantities lines the track, and saw-mills seem to 
be the chief interest. The delay here is short, and the train 
quickly plunges into the deep forest. The roaring, foaming 
stream is sometimes on one side, and sometimes on the other, 
and in the narrow pass it has cut through the bills, the road 
takes its devious way. The mountains are quickly lost to 
view among the trees. Deep rocky cuts and wild rough farms 
are passed in succession. The fields are in some places still 
black with the stumps of dead trees. Here and there a shat¬ 
tered tree, too much injured to be worth the felling, stands 
a monument to the great masts that once covered all these 
steep hills. 


HEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


BATH, 

Grafton Co ., If. H., 302 miles from If. T. Town Popuh* 
tion, 1,169. 

This mountain town finds its chief business in the vast 
forests growing on its rocky hills, and in the village employs 
itself about its lumber-yards and mills. As we go on, some 
fine views of the mountains open to the right. The impet¬ 
uous river here shows the marks of its freshets in plowed 
and gravel-heaped meadows, foaming rapids and torn hill¬ 
sides. Every turn in the crooked stream shows new scenes 
of wild woods and wilder river. The hills grow higher and 
higher, and the valley seems an ever-opening gate-way into 
the heart of the mountains. 

LISBON, 

Grafton Co., If. H., 307 miles from If. T. Town Popula¬ 
tion, 1,844. 

The village is scattered along both banks of the stream, 
and seems wholly devoted to wood working. Lumber and 
box materials cumber the track about the station in vast 
quantities, and the whole aspect of the place is of the woods, 
woody. Beyond, the valley grows even more crooked, and 
perplexing, and the forest crowds the track with its mighty 
trees and deep, dark thickets. No more splendid woodland 
scenes can be found than these, and the river fretting over 
its stones vies with them in winning the admiring attention. 

NORTH LISBON, 

Lisbon , Grafton Co., If. H., 312 miles from If. T. 

This is merely a small lumber station, and we soon leave 
it behind among its saw-mills. Splendid reaches up and 
down the valley then open to view. An occasional farm in 
the intervals relieves the monotony of the forests, and at 
every step some new glimpse of wooded hill or mountain peak 
catches the eye. Miles of these varied scenes pass, each 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE, 


mote attractive, and we are almost unwilling to leave them 
as the mills and houses come into sight beside the roaring 
foaming falls at 

LITTLETON, 

Grafton Co., JV. IT., 316 miles from N. 7. Town Popular 
tion, 2,446. Thayer's IIoteL 

Here we may do three things: keep on by rail to the Fa- 
byan House among the White Mountains; take the stage for 
the Profile House in the Franconia Mountains; or, what ii 
far better, stay here over night and start fresh the next day. 
The stage ride, opening as it does our first views of the moun¬ 
tains, is exciting, and to the stranger something wonderful. 
To take it now, when weary with our long ride, will only un¬ 
fit one for its enjoyment. The usual breathless haste with 
which people “ do the mountains ” is anything but wise. To 
see and appreciate all the glories of this region one must be 
fresh, at ease, and free from care, worry about time, and the 
fretfulness of unseemly haste. So the correct thing to do is 
to stop here at least a few hours, or a night, get rested and 
refreshed, and then start fair. Besides this, Littleton offers 
most magnificent views of all the mountains, and we may 
have, as it were, a preliminary view, and gain a good idea of 
the country we are to traverse. 

The first surprise of the traveler in these mountains is the 
excellence of the hotels. At the station are free carriages in 
waiting for Thayer’s Hotel, on the main street, and a short 
ride will bring one to its hospitable doors. Oak Hill House, 
on the top of the hill, is open in the summer, and many fam¬ 
ilies make it their home for weeks during the season. 

Littleton is an active manufacturing town, and the village, 
spread along the right bank of the Ammonoosuck, is a very 
pleasant place. There is a handsome church and school- 
house, and a large number of excellent stores. There are a 
number of very fine walks in different directions, and every* 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 


where are magnificent views of the mountains. Frol* 
Thayer’s Hotel a pleasant walk may be taken by following 
the road to the left down the valley. Soon after passing the 
church the road leads over a hill, giving a noble view of 
the high hills that close in the town and river. By going on 
a short distance down into the valley and looking back, some 
fine views of Mount Lafayette and the Franconia Mountains 
may be obtained. All this road is full of attraction, and one 
may walk on for a mile or more with profit and pleasure. 

Perhaps the sun is setting behind the wood-fringed hills as 
we come out of the hotel. This is the best hour to get our 
first view of the mountains, and a few steps will place them 
all before us. Turn to the right for a few rods, and then 
take the little lane that leads up the hill to the school-house 
and the Oak Hill House. The school-house will be easily 
recognized, as it is a large square building, with Mansard roof 
and a clock-tower. Arrived at the school-house, turn youl 
back to the sun, and look off towards the east. These are 
the mountains—the great White Hills. Eighty miles of ser 
rated peaks stand in sharp outline against the purple sky. 
To the right the Franconia group, with Lafayette towering 
above them ; to the left the White Mountains, with Wash¬ 
ington crowning all the splendid view. To the stranger the 
first outlook upon the mountains comes with a sense of sur¬ 
prise, and it takes a few moments of silent wonder and ad¬ 
miration to take in the sight, and to correctly understand the 
extent and grandeur of the prospect. It is difficult to com¬ 
prehend that Lafayette that seems so near is twelve miles 
away, and Mount Washington more than twenty. On the 
level plateau that appears to spread from the mountains to¬ 
wards us may be seen the village of Bethlehem, and from 
its houses one catches an idea of the relative extent and 
height of the table-lands and peaks before us. But the 
houses about us intrude their commonplace forms, and Ob' 

§ 97 


CONNECTICUT RIVER ROUTE. 


•core the view, and we had best walk on to the Oak Hill 
House, or beyond it to the bit of woods on the knoll behind 
it. Here the view will be unobstructed, and from the piazza 
of the hotel, or the more agreeable fields, we may sit and sea 
all of the wonderful scene. The sun has sunk behind the 
wooded hills, and its yellow light streams upward among the 
ragged pines. The mountains still glow in its light. To the 
south, perhaps, they are growing purple as they lose the 
light of day. Slowly they all put on this purple shade. The 
sunlight lingers rosy round their tops. They seem to blush 
a deeper red as the daylight fades. The clouds glow, and 
the mountains. The rosy bloom changes to cherry, and 
climbs upward. The deep, dark woods seem bathed in rich¬ 
est purples and browns, while the peaks are tipped with fire. 

If one has more time, a short drive or walk up Pleasant 
Street, that leads to the left from the Main Street near the 
bridge, will take him over Mann’s Hill, and give even more 
extended views of both groups of mountains, besides fine 
views to the north and west over the Green Mountains. By 
crossing the wooden bridge some picturesque views will be 
obtained of the river and the town, and by keeping on past 
the station along the Bethlehem Road, views of the White 
Mountains will be seen that will amply repay the trouble. 

Photographs make the best mementoes of a journey, and 
a well-selected collection of stereoscopic views makes a kind 
of pictorial journal of the trip. The manufacture of stereo¬ 
scopic views is a ruling interest in Littleton. Just above 
the depot, may be seen the establishment of Kilburn 
Brothers, one of the most extensive of its kind in the world. 
The Kilburn views are famous for their beauty and finish, 
and visitors will find it to their advantage to give the place 
a visit. 

The railroad and stage connections at Littleton make it a 
PCnvenient point to enter all points of the mountain country 

98 


NORTHERN RESORTS. 


NEW YORK TO WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

The rail road passes to the west and north of the mountains, 
so that the best views will be afforded on the right hand side of 
the car. The first few miles are through deep, dark forests, and 
along the bed of the fretful, foaming river, as it winds through 
the rough and rocky hills. The very wildness and loneliness c f 
the woods, the blackened stumps and shattered masis, the wreck 
and rubbish of the stream and the occasional waterfall and rude 
mill, present peculiar charms at every turn of the crooked road. 
Through gaps in the hills break views of the mountains, and 
presently the train stops at 



98a 









NORTHERN RESORTS. 


The Whitefield <fc Jefferson Railway, 
a branch of the Boston, Concord & Montreal line, which opens to 
railway travel, the famed Jefferson Yalley. Passengers are now 
carried by rail, direct to within two and a half miles of Jefferson 
Hill, where most of the hotels and boarding houses are situated. 
The distance to East Jefferson, from the Jefferson station, is the 
same. From June 1st, passenger trains will connect with all 
trains on the Boston, Concord & White Mountains Railroad. 

JEFFERSON. 

The famous Jefferson Valley is reached by rail fromWhitefield, a 
charming railway ride of ten miles to one of the most dtlightful 
resorts in the White Mountain region, and is visited every summer 
by throngs of people from every section of the country. The 
principal village is on Jefferson Hill, a high spur of Mt. Starr King, 
and the outlook therefrom, upon the Presidential Range and the 
other mountain groups, is superlatively grand and beautiful. 
Starr King thus referred to the view from this spot: “Jefferson 
Hill may without exaggeration, be called the ultima thule of gran¬ 
deur in an artist’s pilgrimage among the New Hampshire moun¬ 
tains, for at no other point can he see the White Hills themselves 
in such array and force.” 

The Waumbek House, Jefferson Hills, is located on the slope of 
Starr King Mountain, about two miles from the base. Here, the 
mountains, marshalled in a vast arc of circling summits, present a 
wide sweep of landscape of a magnitude rarely met even in this 
land of bold and startling prospects. A livery stable is connected 
with the house. There are several other hotels and boarding 
houses in this vicinity, among which are the Plaisted House, finely 
located, Starr King Mountain House, Maple House, Waumbek 
Cottage, Sunny Side House, Starbird House, Cold Spring House, 
and others which can be addressed at Jefferson, N. H. P. O. 
The Mount Adams House, Highland House are at East Jefferson, 
N. H. The Mount Adams House is magnificently located and well 
conducted, the house deserves its popularity. Trout brooks 
abound in this section, and there are many opportunities fer mourn 
tain excursions. There are accommodations for fifty guests 
Guests will be met with carriages at the station. 

39a.. 


TAINTOR’S GUIDE-BOOKS 

TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., Publishers, 

18 & 20 Astor Place, New York. 


These Guides describe all Cities, Towns and Stations on the routes, giving 
Items of interest to the traveler for business and pleasure, and are 

ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS AND WOODCUTS. 


PBICE, 25 CENTS EACH, BY MAIL. 


City of New \ Ork.” —Containing descriptions of and direc¬ 
tions for visiting the Public Buildings, Places of Amusement, Library, etc. 
A new Street Directory, Travelers’ Directory, and a Map of New York, 
Brooklyn, Jersey City, Hoboken, etc. 

“ Utilises Stiver Route.”—New York to West Point, Cats- 
kill Mountains, Albany, Troy, Saratoga Springs, Lake George, Lake Cham¬ 
plain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Quebec, via Hudson River Steamers. 

“ Saratoga Illustrated.” —The Visitors’ Guide to Saratoga 
Springs, with maps and wood cuts. 

“Saratoga Mineral Waters.” —Directions for their use by 
Dr. W. O. Stillman, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Stfa-Side Resorts. —A Hand-book for Health and Pleasure 
Seekers, for the Atlantic Coast from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. 

“ Tile Northern Resorts.” —Boston to the White Moutains, 
Lake Memphrimagog, Green Mountains, Lake Champlain, Sheldon, Massena, 
Ogdensburgh, Montreal and Quebec. 

“Tiie Pennsylvania Coal Regions.” —New York and 
Philadelphia to Easton, Bethlehem, Delaware Water Gap, Mauch Chunk, 
Scranton, Harrisburg, Williamsport and Elmira. 

“The Erie Route.” —New York to Ithaca, Watkins’ Glen, 
Rochester, Dunkirk, Buffalo and Niagara Falls, via Erie Railway and 
branches. 

“New York to Saratoga. Buffalo and Niagara 
Falls.” —Via Hudson River and New York Central R.R. 

“The Newport and Ff«ll River Route.” New York 
to Boston, via Newport and Fall River. With descriptions of Newport and 
Narragansett Bay. 

6i Conneetieut River Route.” —New York to the White 
Mountains, via N, Y. <fc N. H. and Connecticut River R.R. 

“New York to Philadelphia, Baltimore and 
Washington.” 


Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO, 

IS and 20 Ant or glace, New York. 






MAP OF THE WHITE MOUNTAJNS AND VICINITY 



RAILROADS--. _ 


















The White Mountains 


Ilf a general way, the name White Mountains includes all that 
tract of lake and mountain country occupied by Coos, Grafton, 
Carrol, and Belknap Counties, in the northern part of New Hamp¬ 
shire, embracing* an area of about 40 square miles. It is naturally 
divided into three districts; the lake country about Lake Winni- 
piseogee, Carrol and Belknap Counties, the Franconia Mountains 
at the west, in Grafton County, and the smaller and more lofty 
group of peaks at the north end centered about Mount Washing 
ton, in Coos County. This last district also extends in a south¬ 
westerly direction into Grafton County, and makes the true 
White Mountains, or White Hills, as they are more justly called. 
They include the peaks of Mount Webster, 4,000 feet above the 
sea; Jackson, 4,100; Clinton, 4,200; Pleasant, 4,800; Franklin, 
4,9(10; Monroe, 5,300; Madison, 5,361; Clay, 5,400; Jefferson, 
5,710; Adams, 5,800; and Washington, 6,285, the highest peak, 
with one exception, east of the Mississippi. The Indian name of 
the group is Agiocochook, and each formerly had its Indian name. 

Compared with the Alps, these mountains are indeed hills. 
Mount Washington scarce climbs a third way to the snow-clad 
height of Mount Blanc; and the Notch may be trifling beside the 
mighty rifts beneath the Jungfrau, and the cascades of Glen Ellis 
and the Flume may seem insignificant beside the dizzy leap of the 
Staubach ; but these are over the sea. Our Switzerland is at out 
very doors. It has all the grandeur of true mountains, combined 
with a hill and lake country as oeautiful as anything in Europe. 
To this it adds a virgin freshness, a wild picturesquenesa that 
Switzerland can never show. 




TWIA MOUNTAIN HOUSE. White Mountains N» H. 





































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NORTHERN RESORTS. ~ 

At Wing Road, passengers for the mountains diverge from 
the main line, without change on express trains, to Bethlehem 
fetation. About two miles from the railroad is 

BETHLEHEM, N. H. 

This village of hotels and boarding houses is populous during 
the season, with representatives from every State. It is situated 
on ground 1,500 feet above sea level—the highest village east of 
the Rocky Mountains—and enjoys from its northern exposure and 
altitude, cool air in summer, and fine panoramic views of the 
mountains, as well as offering relief and cure for those afflicted 
with pulmonary difficulties and hay fever. The drives and stage 
routes from here to most points of the White and Franconia 
Mountains, are easy and numerous. The chief hotels are the 
Sinclair House at the west end, rooms for about 300 guests; and 
the Maplewood a mile east, rooms for about 400 guests. Stages 
connect with trains at Littleton, five miles distance, as well as at 
Betulehem Station ; connection is made at this point with Profile 
House and Franconia Notch R. R. for the Profile House. 

The next point of interest in the railway to the White Moun¬ 
tains, is the Twin Mountain House, one of the finest and best lo¬ 
cated of all the mountain hotels. It is on the Ammonoosuc 
River, in full view of the Franconia and White Mountains. The 
house is first class, and is a popular resting place for those tired 
of travel or fatigued with the rugged ascent of the mountains. 

Four miles farther we come to Fabyans, 204 miles from Bos' 
ton. The Fabyan House here, built by a company at a cost of 
$200,000 for the buildings and farm, is designed to be and is 
kept in the best manner. It is 2,000 feet above the ocean. The 
White Mountain House and Mount Pleasant House are smaller 
hotels, near by. The Crawford House is only four miles east. 

Five miles farther by rail, we reach the base of Mount Wash¬ 
ington, forming connection with the mountain railway, about 
th ee miles long to the top of Mount Washington, 3,625 feet from 
the base station. Here is the Mount Washington House, among 
the clouds, with accommodations for 150 guests, conveniently 
lurnished, and having on its tables all the substantials and luxu¬ 
ries at other mountain hotels. The primitive Tip Top House, and 
the Summit House, receive any overflow in case of necessity. 



Crawford House. White Mountains. 
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































NORTHERN RESORTS. 


CRAWFORD HOUSE. 

This fine hotel is four miles east of the Fabyan House, and U 
the very heart of the White Hills, at the threshold of the famous 
White Mountain Notch. A few moments’ walk from its doors 
leads to this strange gateway in* the hills, and a two miles’ tramp 
will take one to the top of Mount Willard, where fine views are 
obtained of the Notch, the scene of the Willey House disaster, 
and the valley of the Saco. Near the hotel is the line that marks 
the water-shed between the Connecticut and the Saco, the watei 
flows one way to the east, to Maine, and the other way to Ver¬ 
mont and Massachusetts and Long Island Sound. 

This house accommodates some 300 guests, and is a favorite 
resort of visitors to this part of the Mountains. Standing so high, 
and just at the contiguous sources of the Ammonoosuc and the 
Saco Rivers, it enjoys pure air and water, and views of unex¬ 
celled beauty and sublimity. The internal arrangements are 
under skilled and gentlemanly management, and the cuisine 
justly praised. The catalogue of attractions includes the Notch, 
the Pictured Rocks, Gibbs’ and Beecher’s Falls, all near the hotel; 
Silver Cascade, the Flume Cascade, the Willey House, and Mount 
Willard. The Summit, attained easily by a carriage road about 
two miles long, affords most magnificent and thrilling views in 
the afternoon. The Willey Valley appears enclasped in the huge 
arms of two titanic mountains, Webster and Willey, while Choco- 
rua, twenty miles away, and the peaks of the Mount Washington 
groups, appear in clear outline. The Bridle Path, along the 
crest of the mountains, eight miles to the top of Mount Washing¬ 
ton, has in response to popular demand been revived. There is 
just enough romance and adventure in the trip to be fascinating 
Trusty guides and horses are furnished at the Crawford House. 

The railroad runs from the Crawford House to Mount Washing¬ 
ton Railway at foot of Mount Washington on west side, by way of 
Fabyan House, four miles from Crawford’s, where connection is 
made with the B. C. and M. Railroad, for Wells River and the 
Bouth or west. For points eaflt, the traveler will return to 
North Conway by the P. & O. R. R., where connections are made 
with Eastern Railroad, for N. H Beaches and Boston, 


NORTHERN RESORTS. 


THE NOTCH AND THE WILLEY HOUSE. 

The gate-way of the Notch, “ the infant Saco,” struggling with 
the road in escaping through this gap in the mountain, the Flume 
Cascade, and Silver Cascade, and the Willey House, are all within 
easy walking distance, and well'worth the visit. The Notch is 
some three miles in length, through which flows the Saco River, 
gradually widening as it proceeds, and receiving other streams 
from the mountain sides. Wild and abrupt cliffs and rocky ram¬ 
parts extend the whole distance, towering in some places to the 
height of 2,000 feet. The Willey House is simply curious as the 
scene of a great land-slide that years ago swept the family who 
lived here to destruction. The house was saved, but the people, 
endeavoring to escape, were lost. Returning to the hotel, 
Beecher’s Cascade, Gibbs’ Falls, and the Mount Willey Cascades, 
may easily be visited. Guides maybe obtained at the hotel. 

By stages travelers formerly went down the Notch, past the 
Willey House and the old Abe Crawford place, and on down the 
Saco Valley to Ellis Biver, where a turn is taken to the east and 
north, past Jackson to the Glen House, on the east side of the 
mountains. Now travelers go by rail to Glen station, thence by 
stage to Glen House. Glen Ellis falls and other objects of inter¬ 
est are to be seen on this route. The favorite route to the Glen 
is by the railway over Mount Washington, and down on the 
eastern side by the famous carriage road. 

MOUNT WASHINGTON RAILWAY. 

The idea of building a railway up Mount Washington is several 
years old, but no fixed plans were formed until 1866, when an ex¬ 
perimental section of 100 feet was laid. The results of this ex¬ 
periment were so satisfactory that a joint stock company was 
formed, and the work seriously begun. Most of the stock is 
owned by the Boston, Concord and Montreal, the Connecticut 
and Passumpsic Rivers Railways, and Cheney & Co. ’s Express. 

This railway, built under peculiar difficulties in 1869, at a 
cost of more than $100,000, climbs 3,625 feet in going three 
miles, and is one of the most remarkable roads in the world. It 
is a curious piece of engineering, and perfectly safe. The grade 

63 


NORTHRRX RESORTS. 


b in some places thirteen and a half inches to the yard, or mor« 
than one foot in three. The track is laid on a strong trestle-work 
of heavy timber, braced and bolted in the most substantial man¬ 
ner, and resting on the rocky foundations of the mountain itself 
This trestle work varies from a foot to twenty feet in height, ac¬ 
cording to the form of the mountain-side. Wrought-iron rats* >re 
bolted to heavy timbers, at about the same distance apart as those 
of ordinary railways. Midway between these, strongly clamped 
and bolted to the sleepers or cross-ties, is a third rail of peculiai 
construction. Imagine a narrow ladder of wrought-iron, with its 
rounds about four inches apart, placed between the rails of an 
ordinary railway, and you have a good idea of this middle rail. 
The manner in which motion is imparted to the train is as fol¬ 
lows. Under the engine and over the middle rail is a driving- 
wheel, with cogs, so arranged as to fit between what we have 
termed the rounds of this ladder. This wheel being set in motion, 
of course passes along the ladder, inserting its cogs between the 
successive rounds, and thus climbing, so to speak, along the track. 
The seats of the car are hung so that they adjust themselves to the 
varying steepness of the grade. Self-acting brakes are attached 
both to the engine and car, so that an accident to one will not 
affect ihe other. We have no hesitation in saying that, consider¬ 
ing the rate of speed at which the trains are run, a traveller is as 
safe in making this ascent, as he is when traveling on an ordinary 
express train. The trip up occupies ninety minutes. Three 
trips are made up and back daily. 

MOUNT WASHINGTON. 

The bridle-path from Crawford’s, eight miles long, leading over 
the tops of several peaks, though in a measure neglected since the 
railway was opened, is often followed both in going and returning, 
on foot or on horseback. The demand for saddle horses and 
guides by this path is reviving, and the Crawford House is answer¬ 
ing the demand. There is romance and adventure enough in it 
to make it attractive. Along either route magnificent views of 
the mountains may be obtained, and at last the journey ends at 
Mount Washington House, and the tip-top point of our travels. 

This is the crown of New England. From this rough pile of 
oare rocks three States may be seen at once. If the day is cleai 

ttt 


NORTHERN RESORTS 


fcho prospect is one of the finest in the world. If clouds roll past 
and cover the world below from sight, a no more hopeless sort oi 
place can be found. The peak then becomes a contracted island, 
with gray mist for a sea. However, mountain weather is- fitful, 
and it may clear away in a few moments, and change its whole 
character almost before one is prepared for the wonderful trans¬ 
formation that takes place. The view from this lofty elevation 
is unequaled by any on the eastern side of the North American 
Continent, of which a description can give but a faint conception. 
‘ ‘ Around you in every direction are confused masses of moun¬ 
tains, bearing the appearance of a sea of molten lava suddenly 
cooled while its ponderous waves were yet in commotion. In the 
southeast a faint glimmering of the Atlantic is seen, sixty-five 
miles distant, ‘laving the shores of Maine.' Numerous lakes, 
from the Winnipiseogee to small mountain ponds, are scattered 
here and there. In the north-east is Mount Katahdin, the loftiest 
peak in Maine; in the western horizon are the Green Mountains 
cf Vermont, and to the south and south-west are Mount Monad- 
nock and Kearsarge, while the intermediate spaces are filled with 
every variety of landscape—mountains, hills, rivers, plains, and 
forests—blending to form a scene awe-inspiring and sublime.” 
At morning and night there is a tolerable certainty of seeing dis¬ 
plays of earthly and heavenly prospects, vast views of mountains, 
or vaster heaps of clouds, and the traveler should stay all night 
for the chance of seeing the sunset and sunrise. It is quite use¬ 
less to describe either sunrise, sunset, cloud scenery, or a vast 
view from the mountain-top. Words fail, and even a photograph 
seems pale and unsatisfactory. A number of writers, from Stari 
King downwards, have tried to describe the views from Mount 
Washington. Mr. King’s is the best failure; the rest present 
various degrees of failure. Visit and see for yourself. That is 
the only satisfactory way to get an idea of it. As the sensible 
traveler said to the poor student who wanted to see Europe: 
“ Live on crusts, save money, run in debt even ; but go and see 
for yourself ; and when you return it will be easy to pay the bill, 
from the inspiration of the visit.” It may not be worth while to 
run in debt to visit the White Mountains, but no American young 
man or woman can afford not to go, at least once, and it wer« 


NORTHERN RESORTS. 


oettor to stint one’s self of city luxuries that the money may 
be spent in seeing the greater glories of this wonderful and awe¬ 
inspiring spot. From the top of Mt. Washington, on a clear day, 
may be seen many points. Some of the distances and direction* 
are as follows : 


Adams, 

4 miles distant, North by East. 

Jefferson, 

3 

tt 

tt 

North by West. 

Madison, 

5 

tt 

tt 

North ty North-east 

Clay, 

1 

tl 

It 

North-west. 

Monroe, 

1 

It 

tt 

South-west. 

Franklin, 

2 

it 

tt 

South-west. 

Pleasant, 

3 

tt 

ft 

South-west. 

Clinton, 

4 

tl 

tl 

South-west. 

Willey, 

9 

(I 

tt 

South-west. 

Mount Jackson, 

6 

tt 

tt 

South-west. 

Webster, 

7 

tt 

ft 

West by North-west. 

Crawford, 

9 

tt 

tt 

South-west. 

Moriah, 

7 

tt 

tt 

North-east. 

Lafayette, 

19 

tt 

tt 

West by South-west. 

Twin Mountains, 

14 

tt 

tt 

West by South-west. 

Carigain, 

14 

tt 

tt 

South by South-west. 

Moose Hillock, 

31 

tt 

tt 

South-west. 

Cannon, 

30 

tt 

tt 

West by South-west. 

Whiteface, 

24 

tt 

tt 

South by West. 

Kearsarge, 

15 

tt 

tt 

South by East. 


Ample time will be afforded while he' e to inspect the United 
States Signal Service Station, and to see the Lizzie Bowne 
monument, and to walk about over the wild rough stone heapi 
that make the cone and crown of the Eastern States. The jour 
ney down again is best taken by stage over the splendid carriage 1 
road that leads down the eastern slopes to the Glen House. The 
views from this road, as one rides through the clouds, are magni¬ 
ficent, and the trip ends in one of the deepest and most beautiful 
valleys in this whole region. 


69 



ELEVATIONS ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE SEA 


FRANCONIA 


FEET. 

Mt. Lafayette.5,585 

kit Cannon, or Profile Mt,.3,500 

Moose Hillock.4,636 

Cherry Mountain.8,670 

Mt P-ospect.2,963 

THE WHITE 

Mt. Washington.6,285 

Mt. Jefferson.5,710 

Mt. Adams.6,800 

Mt. Monroe.6,300 

Mt Madison.5,361 

Mt. Clay.6,400 

Mt. Franklin.4,900 

Mt. Pleasant.4,800 

Mt. Clinton.4,200 

Mt Jackson.4,100 

Mt. Webster.4,000 

Mt Willard.2,675 

Mt Willey.4,300 

Mt. Garter.5,000 

Mt. Meriah.4,700 

Mt. Hayes.2,500 

Pequaket, or Kearsarge.3,367 

MOUNTAINS AND I 

Mt Mansfield.4,384 

Camel’s Hump . 403 

Jay Peak. 4,018 

MOUNTAINS AND 

Owl’s Head.2,749 

Mt. Orford.3,300 


MOUNTAINS. 

FEET. 


Franconia Notch . 2,014 

Flume House... 1,431 

Profile House. 1,974 

Plymouth. 478 

Bethlehem Village. 1,45* 

FOUNTAINS. 

Chocorua. 8,358 

Lancaster. 860 

Littleton. 817 

Conway Intervales. 471 

Concord, N. H., Depot. 236 

Lake Winnipiseogee. 496 

Red Hill. 2.502 

Copple Crown Mount. 2,100 

Alpine House, Gorham. 800 

Crawford House. 1,920 

Fabyan House. 1,551 

Glen House. 1,632 

Willey House, Wh. Mt. Notch... 1,335 

Mt. Resolution. 3,400 

Giant’s Stairs. 3,500 

Foot of Mt. Washington R. R_ 2,615 

Pinkham Notch. 2,018 

lKES IN VERMONT. 

Mt. Willoughby. 3,600 

Ascutney (near Windsor). 3,320 

Lake Champlain. 90 

AKES IN CANADA. 

Lake Memphremagog. 634 

Lake Willoughby. 1,162 


DISTANCES IN THE WHITE MOUNTAIN REGION. 


From Fabyans to miles. 

Ammonoosuc Falls. 3 

Mt Washington Base. 6 

:* “ Summit. 9 

Gates of White Mountain Notch... 4 

Willey House. 7 

Twin Mountain. 4 

Profile. 22 

Littleton. 19 

Lancaster. *0 

Waumbeck House, via Cherry Mt. 12 

Glen House, via Mt. Washington .. 17 

G len House, via Notch and Glen Stn, 40 

St. Johnsbury. 45 

From Crawfos d. House to 

Twin Mountain House. ... 9 

Base of Mt Washington. 10 

Summit of Mt. Washington. 13 

Jefferson Hill. 16 

G en House. 30 

Alpine House (Gorham). 33 

North Conway. 25 

Bothlehem Street. 17 

Franconia Notch. 26 

From Plymouth , N. H., to 

Mt. Prospect. 4 

Loon Pond. 4 

Flume House. a . 94 

Profile House.. 30 


Squam Lake. 

Lake Winnipiseogee. 

Centre Harbor... 

MILES. 
.... 8 

12 

From Jefferson, N. H., 

to 

Summit Starr King Mt. 

.... 2* 

Summit Cherry Mt. 

.... 6* 

Twin Mountain House. 

.... 11 

White Mountain House. 

_ 11 

Whitefield. 

_ 12 

Mt. Adams House. 

.... 6 

Summer House, Dalton. 

.... 15 

Mt. Washington R. R. Depot.. 

.... 17 

Willey House. 


Glen House . 


Alpine House. 

.. . 17 

Profile House. 

- 88 

Bethlehem. 


From Lancaster, V. IT., 

to 

Jefferson Hill. 

8 

Bray Hill. 


Round the Gore. 


Mt. Prospect . . 


Dixville Notch.. 


Percy Peaks. .... 


Guildhall Falla.. 


Lost N ation. 

_ 7 

Lunenburg Heights. 


Fifteen Mile Falls. 










































































































NORTHERN RESORTS. 


THE GLEN AND THE GLEN HOUSE. 

This resort has a world-wide reputation. The house, one of 
the largest in the mountains, stands between Mt. Carter, 3,00C 
feet high on the east, and Mts. Washington, Clay, Jefferson, 
Adams, and Madison, almost twice as high, on the west; 1,632 
feet above the sea; and entirely out of the regions of hay fever 
and catarrh. Numerous points of interest hereabouts claim the 
visitor’s attention. Indeed it is a good place to stay all summer. 
The Garnet Pools, rocks carved into curious forms by the water 
of Peabody River, are about a mile north. Thompson’s Falls, 2 
miles south-west, are on a brook tributary to Peabody River, and 
near by the Emerald Pool. Crystal Cascade, near Tuckerman’n 
Ravine, is about one mile beyond Thompson’s Falls. The Cascade 
from a point high up Mount Washington, descends by a long and 
beautiful succession of leaps and turns, a shower of feathery, 
foamy white water, pure and cold. A long and somewhat diffi¬ 
cult ascent along the brook bank leads into Tuckerman’s Ravine, 
a long, deep gash in the southern slope of the mountain. Hero 
the snows of winter drift so deep as to remain through the sum¬ 
mer. In melting, the gradual wearing of the streams gives the 
mass many strange and fantastic forms—of spanning arch and 
cave and rude resemblance to well-known objects of nature or art. 
Glen Ellis Falls, the finest in the mountains, are about 4 miler 
from the Glen House. The Ellis River here leaps down a rocky 
channel worn by itself 60 feet, in one thick, white mass. Seen 
from the top or from the bottom, which may be reached, by rude 
natural steps in the cliff, it presents a picture of grace and beauty 
which is in strong contrast, yet in perfect keeping with the sur¬ 
rounding wilderness. Lines of stages from the Glen House con¬ 
nect with the top of Mt. Washington, and through Pinkham Notch 
by Jackson to Glen Station on the P. and 0. R. R., 14 miles—a 
most romantic ride—and to Gorham, 8 miles, on the Grand Trunk 
Railroad. Gorham is a beautiful village, a frequented resort, at 
the confluence of the Peabody and Androscoggin Rivers, north of 
the White Mountains, and 800 feet above the sea. For rivei 
scenery, combined with impressive mountain views, this vicinitj 
surpasses all others from which the highest peaks are visible 
Cbe Alpine House is under tho same management as the Glen. 



“OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAINS,” 

Near Profile House, Franconia Notch, White Mountains, New Hampshire. 








Northern resorts. 

THE FRANCONIA MOUNTAINS. 

These mountains, though not so high as the White Mountains 
by a few hundred feet, are real mountains—grand in proportions, 
noble in outline, and as awe-inspiring as their taller companions. 
They present many features of interest peculiar to themselves. 
The highest peak, Mount Lafayette, is 5,585 feet high, only 700 
feet inferior to Mount Washington, and in and around Franconia 
Notch may be found scenes of marvelous beauty and grandeur. 
Here is Cannon Mountain, Bald Mountain, Mount Liberty, Mount 
Pleasant and others, Echo Lake, gem of mountain tarns. Eagle 
Cliff, the solemn Old Man of the Mountain, with stony calm 
gazing down upon the petty creatures that gaze up at his strange 
face ; Profile Lake, the Flume, the Pool, and the Basin—each a 
wonder in its way. The whole Franconia region is full of beauty 
and of marvels, and no visit to the mountains is deemed com¬ 
plete which does not make the Profile House the center of its 
neighboring circle of attractions. The White Mountains will not 
be forgotten in these, and they will .fitly cap the climax of the hills. 

Franconia Notch is a pass with close and precipitous walls 
Df about five miles in extent, between Mount Lafayette and 
Mount Cannon. The valley is about half a mi e in width, filled 
with the curious, the wild and the beautiful in mountain scenery. 
The bare walls of Cannon Mountain, on the right, as you ride 
through from the Profile House, are grand in tht ir impressive 
barrenness and lofty height. The Old Man of the Mountain is 
the crowning feature of the pass, the grim old King of the 
Hills,” ever looking out in unchanging majesty on his wild realm. 
This wonderful copy of the human featui es, colossal in propor¬ 
tions, yet faithful and clear in its lines, is the great natural at¬ 
traction sought by strangers. The length of the face has been 
ascertained to be not less than eighty feet. It looks from the 
southern face of Cannon or Profile Mountain. 

Echo Lake, the Basin, the Pool, the Flume with its suspended 
boulder and cascades, the ascent of Mount Lafayette, and the 
sun-set view from Bald Mountain, are features of the Fran¬ 
conia range fully described In succeeding pages, and seen by ex¬ 
cursions from the Profile and Flume Houses. 

69 



































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Southern resorts. 

BETHLEHEM TO FRANCONIA NOTCH. 

By the completion of the Bethlehem & Franconia Notch rail* 
road, a most direct and easy route is opened from Bethlehem to 
this famous region, the Profile House, the Flume, Old Man of the 
Mountain, Pool, Echo Lake and other points of interest. The 
railroad leaves Bethlehem Station and passes along the base of the 
hills into the wonderful Franconia region, the observation cars 
giving passengers continual opportunity for many delightful 
views. A bewildering panorama of mountain scenery passes be¬ 
fore the vision of the traveler. Mount Lafayette grows taller and 
taller, and Bald Mountain rises on the left. The vastness of the 
scale of everything, and the stimulating air make one forget fatigue, 
THE PROFILE HOUSE. 

is one of those palatial hotels called into existence by the luxurious 
demands of the traveling public, and it seems as if there was 
nothing one could reasonably demand that could not here be 
found. The house stands at the northern entrance of the Notch 
2,000 feet above the sea, and yet it seems sunk in a vast cleft in 
the land. The mountains rise steep from its very doors. 

The parlor and dining hall are spacious and elegant and are 
lighted with gas. The telegraph runs to this point, and visitors 
may receive their mails with regularity while they gather strength 
in the mountain air, and marvel among the mysteries of the hills. 
The furnishing of the house is elegant and complete, and its 
location unrivaled for mountain scenery. The house is crowded 
during the pleasure season with a happy company gathered from 
all parts of the land, who find here cleanliness and attention, 
with ample profusion of luxuries for the satisfaction of natural 
hunger. Stages leave twice each day for Plymouth, vk the 
romantic Pemigewasset valley; while by the newly opened 
Narrow Gauge Railroad line the summit of Mount Washington, 
Bethlehem, and the Jefferson valley may be reached easily and 
without fatigue by the guest at the Profile House. Chief among 
the objects of interest, within easy walking distance, is 
THE OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAIN. 

A few rods down the road to the south is a small mountain 
lake ; and above it, a thousand feet overhead, is “ the great stone 

70 


NORTHERN- RESORTS. 


face,” one of the wonders of the natural world. It is useless to 
talk about it. There it is, and the looking is more than the tell¬ 
ing. Even a photograph would be feeble; but, having seen it, one 



will never forget it. The lake beneath it, stupidly called “ the 
Old Man’s Wash-bowl,” is Profile Lake, the head-waters of the 
Pemigewasset, one of the sources of the Merrimack. 

I Echo Lake wins to itself admiring attention. Half a mile’s 
walk to the north from the hotel will bring one to its shores, and 
boats will quickly take one out on its quiet water, where its mul¬ 
tiple echo may tickle the ear. 

Bald Mountain is reached by a two mile ride or walk over a 
good road. This mountain top gives a fine view of the Ammonoo- 
suck valley to the north, Echo Lake and the Notch to the south, 
and Mount Lafayette towering over all. 

CANNON MOUNTAIN. 

From the lawn before the hotel may be seen the green mass of 
rock on the top of this mountain, that suggests a great gun and 

U 


























NORTHERN RESORTS. 


give* a name to the peak. There is a good foot path, and th« 
tourist may make the trip with ease, as it is only a small mafctei 
of some 1,500 feet, and the views are excellent. 

MOUNT LAFAYETTE. 

This mountain, 5,585 feet high, is the highest of the Frau 
aonias, and from its summit may be obtained views scarcely ir 
ferior to those from Mount Washington. It is a five-mile trip 
two miles along the road past Profile Lake: At the ruins of ttu 
old Lafayette House the mountain road is seen entering the 
woods to the left. The view from the summit has been thus de¬ 
scribed : “ Such grandeur as is spread before you more than re¬ 
pays the toil necessary to reach the summit. Lofty mountain 
peaks without number lie before you on every hand. West, in 
the hazy distance, is the Green Mountain range—Mount Mans 
field, Camel’s Hump, and Jay Peak, towering above their neigh¬ 
bors. Intervening are the valleys of the Ammonoosuc and the 
Connecticut. North is the glorious and grand old peak, Mount 
Washington—the Tip-Top House, if not cloud covered, in full 
view. Lying between are the summits of smaller mountains, 
while a trackless wilderness stretches far away towards the east, 
where peak upon peak rises skyward. A little to the left is old 
Kearsarge, and to the right the sharp spur of Chocorua seems to 
pierce the very sky. South, you look down upon the lovely 
valley of the Pemigewasset, which has seemingly widened into 
broad meadows; and, forty miles distant, the eyes rest upon 
Plymouth, and the beautiful Lake Winnipiseogee, with its in¬ 
numerable islands. You linger long in contemplating the scene, 
and wonder how it is possible that so much sublimity should re¬ 
main so comparatively unknown to the great world ofjiumanity 
within a day’s ride, and yet so accessible.” 

A shelter has been provided upon the Summit of Mt. Lafayette 
for the protection of visitors, and a new bridle path has been 
built for the lower half of the ascent, winding up the ravine just 
south of Eagle Cliff, leaving the highway almost opposite the 
hotel, shortening the distance some three miles. 

The trip is usually made on horseback, but it makes a good 
one day’s trip on foot. Ponies and guides may be obtained at the 
Profile House. 


NORTHERN RESORTS. 


WALKER’S FALLS, 

three miles down the Notch, are a series of picturesque cascades 
half a mile east of the roadway where it is crossed by the stream. 

THE BASIN 

is about four miles south of the Profile House. It is a natural 
bowl or basin, about 40 feet in diameter and 28 feet in depth, 
worn in the granite strata by the whirling of rocks in the fretful 
circling currents of the river. The waters plunge over the brim 
in a pretty cascade, and sweep the smooth circular walls several 
times in swift rotation before they issue from the basin. 

THE POOL 

is another of the many mountain wonders of the Franconia Re¬ 
gion. A path from near the Flume House leads east, a half mile 
through the forest, to this vast natural well and curiosity. It is 
about 150 feet in circumference, 190 feet deep, and usually has 
about 40 feet of water in its gloomy depths. Steps lead down, 
within the walls, to the water. 

THE FLUME. 

This wonderful chasm in the mountain side, with its singular 
waterfalls, its mossy, fern-clad walls, its cool and charming 
depths, and silvery brook, forms one of the most beautiful spots 
in the mountains. It extends some 800 feet between nearly per¬ 
pendicular walls 60 feet high and about 20 feet apart, and has 
a plank pathway extending its entire length. At one point the 
giant sides approach within 12 feet of each other, and formerly 
clasped a massive oval boulder of many tons weight, which was 
suspended some 30 feet above the pathway and bed of the 
stream. In 1885 this boulder was dislodged by a very high freshet 
and carried several rods from its former position down towards 
the Flume House. The way to the Flume diverges from the 
main road* directly in front of the Flume House, five miles from 
the Profile. The Flume House is a pleasantly located hotel, near 
the Flume, Pool and Basin, commanding a view of three great 
peaks of the Franconia Range, Lafayette, Liberty and Pleasant. 
Returning to the road, a trip two miles to the south to the 
Georgiana Falls may be made. The road down the Pemigewas- 
set Valley leads from the Profile House to Woodstock, where one 
may take the Pemigewasset Valley R. R. to Plymouth, N. H., 
30 miles distant, on the Boston, Concord and Montreal R. R. 
Travelers from the White Mountains may return home this way. 

73 


VAN NESS and AMERICAN 


HOTELS, 

Burlington, "Vermont. 



The “Van Ness House ” has a Safety Hydraulic Passenger Elevator, 
Eire Escapes, etc. Eine views of the Lake and Moun¬ 
tains from all parts of the House. 

L. S. DREW, H. N. CLARK, U. A. WOODBURY, 

Manager . Clerk . Proprietor . 

The Van Ness and American Hotels are now open to the public 
under one management and will, as heretofore, be conducted in a man¬ 
ner consistent with the good reputation of Burlington as a Summer 
Besort for the best class of guests. Neither pains nor expense will be 
spared to keep them first-class in every particular. Mr. Brew, so long 
and favorably known to the traveling public, will personally superin¬ 
tend everything conducive to the comfort of guests at both hotels. 

These Hotels are supplied with ample public and private Parlors, 
Beading Booms, Committee Booms, Billiard and Commercial Sample 
Booms, Telegraph Office, Booms, single or en suite, with Baths, Closets, 
Electric Bells, etc. 

The tables are always supplied with the delicacies of the season. 
Fresh vegetables, pure milk, butter and cream brought daily from the 
hotel farm. 

Tourists will find Burlington a pleasant place to spend a few days in, 
its charming views and delightful drives rendering it very attractive. 

Two or more trains daily to Boston, New York, Saratoga, the White 
Mountains and Montreal, Steamboats to and from Lake George, Sara¬ 
toga, Ticonderoga, Plattsburgh and Ausable Chasm. 









Most Direct Route between New York and the 


WHITE MOUNTAINS, MONTREAL, 

AND ADD POINTS IN 

Vermont, JVew Hampshire and Canada, 


TAKE STEAMERS OF THE 

NORWICH & NEW YORK TRANSPORTATION CO. 

Which leave PIER 40, NORTH RIVER, dally, at 5.00 P.M. 

In Summer, and 4.30 P.M. in Winter. 

Connecting at New London with train of the New London Northern 
Railroad, which leaves New London at 5.00 A.M., daily (Sundays except¬ 
ed), passing through the most delightful parts of 

CONNECTICUT and MASSACHUSETTS, 

and arriving at BRATTLEBORO, Vt., at 10.25 A.M., where it connects with 
trains arriving in the While Mountains at 5.30 P.M. and Montreal at 8.40 P. M. 


TICKETS FOR SALE ON BOARD THE STEAMERS NAMED ABOVE. 


Ask for Tickets via 

NEW LONDON NORTHERN RAILROAD LINE. 


C. F. SPAULOINC, S. W„ CUMMINGS, 

Superintendent. Gen. Pass. Agent. 






Most Direct Route from New York and the "West to 
Watch Hill and Block Island„ 




The new and commodious steamer Block Island leaves the wharf 
of the New London Northern Bailroad Co., New London, Conn, 
(during the summer season), daily (Sundays excepted) at 9.30 a. m. , 
or on arrival of trains from New York, Hartford and Albany, for 
Watch Hill and Block Island. 

Returning leaves Block Island at 2.00 p. m., arriving at New Lon¬ 
don in time to connect with trains and steamers for all points South 


and West, 


C. F. SPAULDING, Superintendent. 






















The Crocker House, 

NEW LONDON, CONN. 

HALE & CO., Proprietors. 


This large, fine Hotel is built of brick, and is situated on State Street, 
opposite the United States Custom House and Post Office, in the centre of 
the city. The sleeping rooms are all large, pleasant and well furnished with 
spring beds, wardrobes, etc., and are kept clean and neat. The dining-room 
is spacious, and the cuisine is excellent. The house has a fine passenger 
elevator and other conveniences for guests, that place it in the front rank 
of modern hotels. Around New London are delightful drives, and the views 
of the city, harbor and Long Island Sound, and the Thames River, are 
charmingly beautiful. To summer boarders who wish the accommodation 
of a first-class modern metropolitan hotel, and yet to be near the shore, the 
Croqker House offers unusual attractions, 

















































































































































HOTEL SEA VIEW, 

SAVIN ROCK, WEST HAVEN, CONN. 


Having served the public for the past seven years at Savin Hock, would re¬ 
spectfully announce that the Beach House is now open for the reception of transient 
guests and summer boarders, and that the Hotel Sea View will be open June 15th, 
both under my personal supervision and management.. 

To those not acquainted with the location of this favorably known Hotel, I 
would say it fronts directly on Long Island Sound, and is seventy miles from New 
York via the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, while the Horse Cars 
leave the House for New Haven every fifteen minutes, three and one-half miles 
distant, through one of the most pleasant streets on the continent. 

Large, shady Lawns surround the House, thereby affording elegant play¬ 
grounds for both young and old, and no mosquitoes as at most Seaside Resorts. 

Lawn Tennis and Lawn Pool are some of the games played on the Lawn. 

It is a quiet Summer House, adapted to families, where all the comforts of 
home are secured. The beds especially are new and modern, and all its furnishings 
first-class, with electric bells, etc. 

Great facilities for Fishing, Boating and Bathing, especially Bathing, as the 
shore is a clean, sandy one, extending out with a gradual descent for nearly 
one-half mile, making it very safe for children as well as adults. 

Telephone connection with New Haven. 

First-class stables connected with the House. 

The table is to be furnished with every luxury possible that the market will 
afford, and no pains will be spared to please all who may patronize us. 

For further particulars, address 

June, 1887. E. FREEMAN, Proprietor. 


























THE NEW YORK HOTEL. 

This long-established favorite hotel has been put in com¬ 
plete ORDER, AND WILL COMPARE FAVORABLY IN ALL RESPECTS WITH 
ANY FIRST-CLASS HOTEL IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Situated on Broadway, between Washington and Waverley 
Places, occupying the entire block and a large house on block 

ADJOINING, CONNECTED BY A BRIDGE. CAPACITY, FIVE HUNDRED GUESTS. 
A FIRST-CLASS RESTAURANT HAS RECENTLY BEEN OPENED TO ACCOMMO¬ 
DATE GUESTS AND THE PUBLIC GENERALLY. 

The location is unsurpassed for healthfulness and conven¬ 
ience OF ACCESS BY SURFACE AND ELEVATED RAILWAYS TO ALL PARTS 
OF THE CITY. 

Conducted on both American and European plans. Price of 

ROOMS, WITH BOARD, THREE DOLLARS PER DAY; WITHOUT BOARD, ON# 
DOLLAR AND UPWARD. 

H. CRANSTON, Proprietor. 


CRANSTON’S WEST POINT HOTEL, 

On Hudson—In the Highlands. 

H. CRANSTON, - Proprietor. 

Open from May 1 to November 1. 

• # 

“ Nature and art have combined to rmfcb *rr est Point one of the 
most picturesque and attractive spots on the continent. 

“It does not seem possible for one to inhale the pure air of the 
Highlands, and enjoy the comforts provided by Mr. Cranston, 'without 
being made sensible of having received in many respects more or less 
benefit. 

“ The complete appointments of the house , the high moral tone and 
standing of the guests, all serve to make a summer spent at Cranston's 
West Point Hotel one of the most enjoyable ever passed.”— Author 
of “Hudson Highlands.” 




MASSASOIT HOUSE, 

W. H. CHAPIN, Springfield, Mass 


The Massasoit House, near Railroad Stations, was established in 1843. It has 
been twice enlarged, making it three times its original size, and thoroughly re- 
modeled and refurnished. The large airy sleeping rooms, furnished with hot and 
cold water, are excelled by none in the country. Connecting rooms, en suite, for 
families, elegantly furnished and with bath-rooms attached. Special attention 
paad to ventilation and all sanitary improvements. The proprietors are deter¬ 
mined that the world-wide reputation of the Massasoit shall be maintained in alJ 
respects. 



Perfectly Pure Extracts of Choicest Fruits, THE BEST. 
Unequaled Strength for ail. Thousands of gross sold. Winning 
friends everywhere. DEALERS TREBLE SALES WITH THEM. 


These Delicious Flavors are used at many of the Finest Hotels in 
the White Mountains, Saratoga Springs, the Catsltills, Seaside 
and Summer Resorts, and in City and Country, and sold by Dealers 
Everywhere, Wholesale Agents in large cities. 

LABORATORY (Home Dept.), WESTFIELD, MASS. 































THE CALIGRAPH 



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NEW YORK OFFICE, No. 237 BROADWAY. 


THE CRITIC 


A WEEKLY REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND THE ARTS. 

Ten Cents a Copy; $3 a Year. 

Bishop Potter Always Reads “ The Critic.” 

I am glad of this opportunity to express to you my keen sense of 
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For one who desires a current report from the active world of letters, 
a knowledge of the best books in every department of Science, Literature 
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New York City J. H. Vincent, D. D., Chancellor Chautauqua University. 

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THE CRITIC COMPANY, 743 Broadway, New York. 










67th ANNUAL STATEMENT, December 3fst, 1886. 

/ETNA INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OOIST^T. 


CASH CAPITAL .$4,000,000 00 

Reserved for Re-Insurance (Fire). 1,797,495 06 

“ “ (Inland). 10,692 15 

“ Unpaid Losses (Fire). 206,153 50 

“ « (Inland). 44,844 82 

All other claims. 59,432 66 

NET SURPLUS.. 3,450,221 37 

TOTAL ASSETS.$9,568,839 56 

POLLOWSi” 

Cash in Bank. $936,516 64 

Cash in hands of Agents. 374,380 20 

Real Estate ... 358,336 70 

Loans on Bond and Mortgage. 43,595 00 

Loans on Collaterals. 11,180 00 

Stocks and Bonds. 7,843,486 00 

Accrued Interest. 1,345 02 

TOTAL ASSETS..$9,568,839 56 

LOSSES PAID IN 68 YEARS, $60,180,000. 

Wm. B. Clark, Ass’t Sec. J. Goodnow, Sec. L. J. Hendee, Pres’t. 


JAS. A. ALEXANDER, Agt., 68 Wall St., New York. 


/ETNA LIFE INSURANCE CO. 


OF HARTFORD, CONN. 


ASSETS, 
SURPLUS, | 


.$31,545,930.77 

by Massachusetts and Conn. Standard, 5,349,870.36 
by New York Standard, 6,800,000.00 


CONSERVATIVE, ECONOMICAL and 
“SOLID AS GRANITE.” 


POLICIES NON-FORFEITING AND INCONTESTABLE 

after the death of the insured. 

All desirable plans of Insurance, including some which are new 
and especially advantageous. 

ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS. 


M. G. BULKELEY, President. 

J. C WEBSTER, Vice-President. J. L. ENGLISH, Secretary. 























CONNECTICUT 

FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF HARTFORD, Conn. 


Incorporated 1850. 


Charter Perpetual 



CASH CAPITAL, . - - $1,000,000.00 

CASH ASSETS, - - - 2,129,741.94 


Western Department : 

A. WILLIAMS, Manager, 

155 La Salle Street, 
CHICAGO, HI. 


Pacific Department : 

ROBERT DICKSON. Manager. 
WM. MACDONALD, 

Assistant Manager. 

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. 


SCOTT & TALBOT, Agents, 


45 William St., New York. 

J. D. BROWNE, President, CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary, 
L. W. CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary. 








CONGRESS SPRING. 

The Standard Mineral Water. 


It is a purely Natural Water, CATHARTIC ALTERATIVE, and slightly 
stimulating and tonic in its effects, without producing the debility that usu¬ 
ally attends a course of medicine. 

It is used with marked success in affections of the Liver and Kidneys, 
and for Dyspepsia, Gout, Constipation and Cutaneous Diseases it is 
unrivaled. 

It is especially beneficial as a general preservative of the tone of the 
stomach and purity of the blood, and a powerful preventive of Fevers and 
Bilious Complaints. 

It is of special value to Ladies, as from its great purifying properties it 
has good effect in clearing the skin and giving it a healthy, beautiful ap¬ 
pearance. In the morning it tones the appetite and promotes digestion. 
The stomach is cleansed and purified, the nervous ana muscular system in¬ 
vigorated, and germs of disease thrown off. 

The superior excellence of Congress Water is evidenced in the happy 
proportion of its several ingredients, which combine to make it so efficient, 
and in the absolute solution in which these pure ingredients are held when 
BOTTLED, making it, without doubt, one of the best and safest saline 
cathartic waters ever discovered either in this country or Europe. 

Asa cathartic water its almost entire freedom from iron should recom¬ 
mend it above all others, many of which contain so much of this ingredient 
as to seriously impair their usefulness. 

CAUTIONARY SIGNAL. 

All mineral waters strongly impregnated with iron, 
when drank with freedom (especially when fasting), while injurious 
to all, are to persons of certain constitution and temperament posi¬ 
tively dangerous, owing to the powerful action of the iron in 
combination with the carbonic acid gas, which tends to accelerate the 
action of the heart and cause powerful pressure on the 
brain; thereby producing those results that so often fatally 
follow the cause. 

The above caution is necessary, the real amount of iron not 
being fully put forth in the analysis of several mineral spring waters. 

For sale (in Bottles only) by all leading Druggists, Grocers, Wine 
Merchants and Hotels. Address, 


CONGRESS SPRING CO., 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 


HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT 


DAY LINE STEAMERS, 

“NEW YORK” AND “ALBANY,” 

Ceave New York, Yestry St., Pier 39, N. E. (adjoining Jersey City 
Ferry), 8.40 a. m., and foot 22d St., N. R., 9 a. m., landing at Yonkers, 
West Point, Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Rhinebeck, Catskill and 
Hudson. Returning, leave Albany, 8.30 a. m., from foot of Hamilton 
St., arriving in New York at 5.30 p. m. 

CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES 

TO THE 

RESORTS OF THE CATSKILLS. 

CON NECTIONS. 

BROOKLYN- Annex leaves Fulton Street at 8.00 a. m. Leaves 
Yestry Street Pier on arrival of down boat. 

WEST POINT— With Stages for Cranston’s and West Point 
Hotels, and with down boat at 2.50. 

NE WB UjKGJT—W ith down boat at 2.15. 

RHINEBECK— With Ferry for Rondout, and Ulster & Delaware 
R. R. for Catskill Mountain Resorts, and Wallkill Valley R. R. for 

Lake Mohonk. 

CATSKILL—With Catskill Mountain R. R. 

HUDSON— With Boston and Albany R. R , for Chatham, Pittsfield, 
North Adams, Lebanon Springs, etc. 

ALB AMY— With through trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay, Geneva, 
Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Watertown, Thousand Islands and 
Western Points. Special trains to and from Saratoga. Through 
tickets sold to all points. * 

DINING SALOON ON THE MAIN DECK. 
Meals served on th e European Plan . 

MUSIC THROUGHOUT THE TRIP. 

jEg- TRTP TICKETS from New York to West Point or Newburgh 
returning same day, 



1794. 


1887. 


HARTFORD 

Fire Insurance Co. 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 


STATEMENT JANUARY 1, 1887 . 

Cash Capital, - - - $1,250,000 00 

Reserve for Re-Insurance (legal standard), - 1,764,932 23 

Outstanding Claims, - - - 251,027 48 

Policy Holders’ Surplus, - - - 3,039,986 74 

Net Surplus over Capital and All Liabilities, 1,789,986 74 

Total Assets, $5,055,946 45 


Net Premiums received during the year. 
Total Income received during the year. 
Increase in Assets, 

Increase in Net Surplus, 


$2,350,371 59 
2,561,066 97 
310,604 53 
346,627 53 


GEO. L. CHASE, President. 

P. C. ROYCE, Secretary. THOMAS TURNBULL, Ass’t Secretary. 


WESTERN DEPARTMENT. 

G. F. BISSELL, - General Agent. 

P. P. HEY WOOD, - - - Assistant General Agent. 

CHICAGO, ILL. 


PACIFIC DEPARTMENT. 

BELDEN & COFRON, ----- Managers. 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 


BRANCH OFFICE. 

158 BROADWAY, .... NEW YORK. 

GEORGE M. COIT, Agent. 









THE N. Y. TRIBUNE 

MAKES A SPECIALTY OF 

SUMMER RESORT NEWS. 

The Paper will be sent to any address for 

75 CENTS A MONTH. 


The Tribune is delivered every Sunday at nearly 
all the Northern Summer Resorts by 

SPECIAL FAST TRAIN, 


Run solely to carry Newspapers. 


THE TRIBUNE LEADS 

all the New York papers in enterprise and interest, and 

DOES NOT DEPEND ON 

SENSATION AND TRASH FOR CIRCULATION. 


75 Cents a Month, or $8.50 a Year. 





TOURISTS’ IDEAL ROUTE, 

NIAGARA TO THE SEA. 

ME, WATERTOWN & OGDfflSBM l l 

Great Highway and Favorite Route for Fashionable Pleasure Travel. 

Only All-Rail Route to Thousand Islands. 

1887. NEW FAST TRAINS, AVOIDING STOPS. 1887. 

WAGNER PALACE SLEEPING CARS. 

NEW YORK AND PAUL SMITH’S, 15 Hours. 

NEW YORK AND CLAYTON, 11 Hours. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON, 9 K Hours. 
NIAGARA FALLS AND PORTLAND, MAINE, 24 Hours. 

Yia Norwood, Fabyans, Crawford Notch, and all White Mountain Resorts. 

WAGNER PALACE DRAWING-ROOM CARS. 

NIAGARA FALLS AND CLAYTON. 

ROCHESTER AND CLAYTON. 

SYRACUSE AND CLAYTON. 

ALBANY AND CLAYTON. 

UTICA AND CLAYTON. 

Direct and immediate connections are made at Clayton with powerful 
steamers for Alexandria Bay and all Thousand Island Resorts, also with Rich. 
& Ont. Nav. Co. Steamers for Montreal, Quebec and River Saguenay, passing 
all of the Thousand Islands and Rapids of the River St. Lawrence by day¬ 
light. For tickets, time-tables and further information apply to nearest 
ticket agent or correspond with General Passenger Agent, Oswego, N. Y. 

ROUTES AND RATES FOR SUMMER TOURS. 

A beautiful book of 150 pages, profusely illustrated, contains maps, 
cost of tours, list of hotels, and describes over 300 Combination Summer 
Tours via Thousand Islands and Rapids of the St. Lawrence River, Saguenay 
River, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Lake Champlain, Lake George, White Moun¬ 
tains, to Portland, Kennebunk, Boston, New York and all Mountain, Lake, 
River and Sea Shore Resorts in Canada, New York and New England. It is 
the best book given away. Send ten cents postage to General Passenger 
Agent, Oswego, N. Y., fcr a copy before deciding upon your summer trip, 

THEO. BUTTERFIELD, 

H. M. BRITTON, Gen’l Passenger Agent, 

Gen’l Manager. Qswego, N, Y. 



Saratoga Kissingen Spring 

Natural Mineral Water. 


Unsurpassed as on aperient, diuretic and alterative. Highly effer¬ 
vescent, and unexcelled as a Table Water. 

Yery efficacious in its action upon the stomach, liver and kidneys, 
and is a great aid to digestion. 

THE SARATOGA KISSINGEN 

has more fixed gas than any other Natural Mineral Spring Water in 
this country. It is, therefore, the most marketable, as it retains all its 
qualities after bottling, and without regard to climate. 


DIRECTIONS. 

As an Aperient —Drink before breakfast one pint, at a moderate 
temperature. 

As a Diuretic —Take in smaller quantities frequently during the 
day. 

For Indigestion— Take one glassful just before or after meals. 


For sale in cases of four dozen pints, or two dozen quarts, and to 
the trade, for draught purposes, in block-tin-lined barrels. 

All orders should be addressed to 


SARATOGA KISSINGEN COMPANY, 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

Or, No. 11 West 27th Street, New York City. 

SARATOGA OFFICE, 

No. 3 GRAND UNION BLOCK. 




PEOPLE’S EVENING LINE 

BETWEEN 

NEW YORK AN D ALBANY. 



During the Season of Navigation, the Steamers 

DREW or DEAN RICHMOND, 

Capt. S. J. ROE. Capt THOS. POST, 

WILL. LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBANY, 

Daily, Sundays excepted, at 6 P. M., from Pier 41 (Old No.) 
North River, Poot of Canal Street. 

Connecting with trains for SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CHAM¬ 
PLAIN, the ADIRONDACKS and Summer Resorts of the 
NORTH, EAST AND WEST. 

Saratoga Office, 369 Broadway. 


LEAVE ALBANY. 

Every week day at 8 P. M., or on arrival of trains from NORTH, EAST and WEST, 
connecting at New York with ALL EARLY TRAINS for the SOUTH. Meals on the 
European Plan. 


FOR TICKETS IlST 2STENV' YORK 

« 

Apply at Company’s Office (Pier 41 North River); and at all principal Hotels and 
Ticket Offices in New York, and on hoard the Steamers. R. R. Office throughout 
the country. 

Tickets sold and baggage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. C. & H. R R., 
N. Y. & W. S., D. & H. C. Co., Fitchburg, Cent’l Vt., B. & A., and O. & L. C. Rail¬ 
roads, etc. 

W. W. EVERETT, J. H, ALL \IRE, M. B. WATERS, 

President. Gen’l T. Agent. Gen J-ass Agent. 





















WILLARD’S HOTEL, 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 


This old-established and chosen rendezvous and favorite abiding- 
place of the most famous men aDd women of America has, under the 
present management, been thoroughly renovated at an expense of 
over $100,000, and is now pronounced as the model Hotel in regard 
to luxurious apartments, cuisine, service and system for heat¬ 
ing and ventilation. 

The ‘‘Willard” is located within a stone’s-throw of the Execu¬ 
tive Mansion, Treasury, War, Navy and State Departments, the De¬ 
partment of Justice, Corcoran Art Gallery, and other numerous points 
of interest, and can justly be called the most convenient Hotel for 
tourists and other travelers in Washington City. 

0. G. STAPLES, Proprietor. 


Formerly of the Thousand Island House. 


























DRINK THE GENUINE 

EXCELSIOR WATER 

OF SARATOGA. 

CURES DYSPEPSIA, HEADACHES, CONSTIPATION, ETC. 

Sold on Draught and in Bottles by First-class Druggists and Hotels. 

The Genuine EXCELSIOR WATER 
is sold on Draught only through the 
Trade Mark. Ask your druggist for it, 
and he sure you get the “ EXCELSIOR” 
drawn through the Trade Mark as shown 
in the annexed sketch. Avoid Artificial 
and Recharged Waters. 

TRADE MARK 



The “ Excelsior ” Water is unequalled as a cathartic and diuretic, 
and is used with great success in treating diseases of the Liver and 
Kidneys. See below letters from two of our best known medical men. 


From Fordyce Barker, M. D., of New York. 

I make great use of the various mineral waters in my practice, and I regard the 
"Excelsior” Spring Water of Saratoga as the best saline and alkaline laxative of 
this class. Sparkling with Carbonic Acid Gras, it is to most persons very agreeable 
to the taste, and prompt in action as a gentle Diuretic and Cathartic. 

FORDYCE BARKER, M. D. 

From Alfred L. Loomis, M. D., of New York. 

During my whole professional life I have been accustomed to use freely the 
Water of Congress and Empire Springs. About six months since, accidentally, I 
was furnished with a few bottles of the "Excelsior” spring Water, and found it so 
much more agreeable to the taste and pleasant in its effects than either Congress or 
Empire Water, that I have since used it myself, and recommend it to patients 
requiring a gentle Cathartic and Diuretic. A. L. LOOMIS, M, I). 


THE BOTTLED “EXCELSIOR” WATER 
is unexcelled, and retains all its properties unim¬ 
paired for years. 

Address FRANK W. LAWRENCE, 

Proprietor Excelsior and Union Springs, 

SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 















DRS. STRONG’S REMEDIAL INSTITUTE, 

Saratoga Springs, JV, T, 

POPULAR SUMMER RESORT. Open all the year. Receives patients or 
boarders, permanent or transient. Location central, quiet, shady and within three 
minutes’ walk of the large hotels, principal springs. Congress Park, and other 
sources of attraction. Fine Lawn Tennis and Croquet Grounds. Desirable rooms, 
extensive piazzas, ample grounds. Table and appointments First-Class. 
Heated by steam. The bath department is complete and elegant, affording Turk¬ 
ish. Russian. Roman and Electro-thermal Baths. 

Genial, cultured society and a pleasant home are always found here. It is the 
re sort of many eminent persons for rest and recreation Among its patrons and 
references are Rev. Theo. L. Cutler, D D. (Brooklyn); Rev. Chas. F. Deems, D. D. 
(N. Y.); Rev. R. D. Harper, D. D. (Philadelphia); Rev. C. C. “Chaplain” McCabe 
(Chicago); Rev. Dr. Jko. Potts (Ottawa); Bishops Foss and Harris; Hon. F. C. 
Sessions (Columbus, O.); J. M. Phillips (M. E. Book Concern, N. Y.); Jas. 
McCreert (N. Y.); Ex-Gov. Wells (Va.); Presidents McCosh (Princeton), Hitch¬ 
cock (Union Theol. Sem.), Warrbn (Boston Univ.); Judges Reynolds (Brooklyn), 
Drake (Washington), Hand (Penn), Bliss (Mo.); Med. Profs. Ross (Chicago), Knapp, 
(N. Y.b Ford (Ann Arbor), and many others equally known. 

During the entire year the Institute is made specially attractive to its guests by 
frequent entertainments of varied character. There is no appearance of invalidism. 
The remedial and hotel interests in no way interfere, patients receiving at all times 
every care and attention. The proprietors are “regular” physicians, graduates of 
the Medical Department, University of the City of New York. The Institute is the 
largest and best in Saratoga, and one of the most complete in its appointments in 
the country, and is endorsed and largely patronized by the medical profession. 
Besides the ordinary remedial agents available in general practice, such special 
appliances are used as Massage, Turkish, Russian, Roman, Electro-thermal, Hydro¬ 
pathic Baths; Galvanic and Faradic Electricity, Pneumatic Cabinet, Vacuum Treat¬ 
ment, Movement Cure, Compressed Air, Oxygen and Medicated Inhalations, Health 
Lift, Calisthenics, and the Mineral Waters, SEND FOB CIRCULAR. 


















SARATOGA 

GEYSER WATER! 


“Applicable to a Greater Number of Persons 
than any other Water at Saratoga.” 


FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivalled. It contains 
more Soda and Magnesia combined than any 
other Saratoga water. 

FOR KIDNEY DISEASES it, beyond dispute, 
excels all other waters. It contains a much larger 
quantity of Lithia than any of the so-called Lithia 
waters. 

AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather warm 
before breakfast, it is mild yet thorough. It is not a 
harsh water. 

BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER. 

AsIe for SARATOGA Geyser. 

For Sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, cor. 
Broadway and Congress Sts., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 

ADDRESS, 

GEYSER SPRING CO., 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 




THE INDEPENDENT. 


“One of the ablest weeklies in existence.”—/fr// Mall Gazette , 
London, England. 

“The most influential religious organ in the Slates.”— The Specta¬ 
tor , London, England. 

“Clearly stands in the fore-front as a weekly religious maga¬ 
zine.” — Sunday-School Times , Philadelphia. 

It is a Newspaper, Magazine and Review all in one. It is 
a religious, a literary, an educational, a story, an art, a scientific, 
an agricultural, a financial and a political paper combined. It 
has thirty-two folio pages and twenty-two departments. 

PROMINENT FEATURES ARE: 

Religious and Theological Articles; 

Social and Political Articles; 

Articles of Description and Travel; 
Weekly Literary Articles ; 

Poems and Stories . 

No one who has ever read a copy of THE INDEPENDENT will 
say that it is second to any other weekly journal, 

III the quantity and quality of its contents; 

In the variety and interest of its ample pages; 

III the volume and character of information it gives; 

In the diversity and ability of its corps of writers; 

111 the purity and vigor of its literary tone; 

Ill the candor and clearness of its opinions; or 

In the strength and constancy with which it strikes 
for all that is true and noble in family, social, 
national and religious life. 


Three Months, 
Four Months, 
Six Months, - 


TERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS. 


- $0 75 

- 1 00 
1 50 


One Year, 
Two Years, 
Five Years. 


- $3 00 

5 00 

- 10 00 


Can anyone make a better investment of $2.00 to $3.00 than 
one which will pay 


32 Dividends During the Year? 


A good way to make the acquaintance of The Independent is to send 
30 cents for a “Trial Trip ” of a month. Specimen Copies Free. 


THE INDEPENDENT, 

P, 0, Box 2787. 251 Broadway, N. Y. 



THE AHLIETGTOH 



WASHINGrTON, 13. C. 

T. E. ROESSLE, - - Proprietor. 



DELAVAN HOUSE, Albany, N. Y., 


T. E 8 ROESSLiE & SON, Proprietors# 
































































































































FORT WILLIAM HENRY HOTEL 

Opens June ist. Board for the season, $ 15 , $ 17 . 50 , $ 21 , $25 and $28 per week, according to the location of rooms^. 

T. E. ROESSLE* Proprietor Lake Ceorge, N. Y. 



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































SHOULD BE IN EVERY HOME. 


1887. -- 1887. 

THE CHRISTIAN UNION, 

The Best Weekly Family Newspaper Published, 

GIVES ITS READERS EACH WEEK 
A Larger Amount of Literary Matter than Any 
Other Religious Weekly in the World. 


, IT IS NOT : 

A DENOMINATIONAL journal: devoted to the interests of a party or a sect. 

A CHURCH NEWS paper: devoted to village gossip and ecclesiastical 
machinery 

A THEOLOGICAL paper: devoted to acrimonious debates about abstruse 
doctrines. 

A WEEKLY SCRAP paper : made up of scissorings from other newspapers. 

A DAILY PAPER: reprinted in the form of a weekly. 

A STORY paper: filled up with sensational and sentimental fiction. 

IT IS: 

A NEWS paper: giving a full report of the world’s history week by week, and 
interpreting it. 

A CHRISTIAN paper: applying to every practical question—social, political, 
domestic and personal—the principles taught in the New Testament. 

A PROGRESSIVE paper: teaching about the things of to-day , that its readers 
may be better prepared for to-morrow. 

A COMPREHENSIVE paper: concerned with everything that concerns the 
well-being of men and women. 

A HOME paper: edited in a home, and for home reading. 

A HELPFUL paper: aiming in every article to make its readers better, wiser, 
happier. 

A FEARLESS paper: owing nothing to a party, a sect, or a faction. 

A CLEAN paper: allowing no “paid advertisements” in its editorial depart¬ 
ments. and no dubious advertisements anywhere. 

An INTERESTING paper: edited on the principle that “|If you can’t make a 
paper so attractive that people will be eager to read it, you had better not 
make it at all.” 


EDITORS : 

LYMAN ABBOTT. HAMILTON W. MABIE. 

T PI Ft IVl S : 

Three Dollars for One Year. One Dollar for Four Months. 

Send Postal Card for Free Specimen Copy, Addressed 

TZEiJEJ CHRISTIAN TTLsTIOISr, 

30 Lafayette Place, New York City. 







t 



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WM. H. McCULLY, 

DESIGNER and ENGRAVER, 
318 Broadway, New York. 

Views of Buildings, Machinery; Portraits, Newspaper and Advertis¬ 
ing Cuts of every description. 

ILLUSTRATIONS MADE FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. 

All work done in the cheapest, neatest and best possible manner. 


TAINTOR’S NEW YORK CITY GUIDE. 

City of New York.—Containing descriptions of and directions 
for visiting the Public Buildings, etc., with numerous illustrations. 
A new Street Directory, Travelers’ Directory, and a map of New York. 
Price 25 cents, by mail. 

Published by TAINTOR BROTHERS & CO., 

18 and 20 Astor Place, New York. 


THE DOCTOR 

A UNIQUE PUBLICATION DEVOTED TO PHYSICIANS. 

Published on the 1 st and 16 th of Each Month. 

—by— 

CHARLES AVERY WELLES, 

No. 20 Astor Place, New York City. 

Single Copies, 10c. Subscription Per Year, $2.00. 

It is the gossip companion of the physician, and can be read with under¬ 
standing, interest and profit by the doctor’s unprofessional friends. 

A series of articles upon the healthfulness of summer 
resorts is now appearing in The Doctor. 




THE UNEXCELLED 



UNQUESTIONABLY IJNEQUiLLED. DNIYEESAILY BED. 

The Four Largest, Finest, Most Novel and Best 
Managed Displays of 

FIREWORKS 

EVER PRODUCED WERE THOSE AT 

The Centennial at Newburgh, N. Y., October 18 , 1883 . 

The Presidential Inauguration at Washington, D. C., March 4 , 1885 . 

The Bi-Centennial at Albany, N. Y., July 22 , 1886 , and 
The Unveiling of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty, at the City of 
New York, on November 1 , 1886 . 

THEY WERE MANUFACTURED AND FIRED BY 

THE UNEXCELLED FIREWORKS CO., 

(Incorporated 1874 .) 

D and. XI Paris. Place, 3XT©w Yoris. 

Largest Manufacturers. Only Importers. Leading and Most 
Reliable House in 

FIREWORKS, FLAGS, LANTERNS, BALLOONS and DECORATION GOODS. 
Western House, 519 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. 

Send for Illustrated Catalogue—F ree. 













SARATOGA VICHY WATER, 

Most Delicious of Saratoga Waters. 

IT CORRECTS ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, 
ASSISTS DIGESTION AND REGU¬ 
LATES THE KIDNEYS. 

A FINE TABLE WATER, 

It Mixes Well with Syrup, 
Wines or Milk. 

BEWARE OF ARTIFICIAL VICHYS!, 


THE SARATOGA VICHY is a Pure, Natural Water ; all 
other Vichy drawn from fountains is manufactured. 

Ask your Druggist or Grocer for the Saratoga 
Vichy, or address, 

SARATOGA VICHY SPRING CO., 


Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 


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THE 



York Observer. 


The Oldest and Best Family 
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IT HAS ALL THE NEWS: 

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Send for a sample copy free. 

ADVERTISERS FIND IT A SURE MEDIUM TO 
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Address NEW YORK OBSERVER, 

NEW YORK. 









C. W. MOULTON & CO.’S PUBLICATIONS. 

QUERIES 

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ILLUSTRATED. 

One Dollar Per Annum. Single Copies Ten Cents. 

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Two thousand, eight hundred twenty-five Questions with Answers on 
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Over three thousand Questions prepared by prominent Educators on 
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BEING FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS FROM ENGLSH AND AMERICAN 
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Selected and arranged by C. W. Moulton, Editor of “ Queries.” 

The work consists of eight hundred and twenty-five familiar quotations selected from 
prominent English and American Poets. i6mo, cloth, pp. 242. $i.od. Three Hundred 
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C. W. MOULTON & CO., 

PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS. 

BUFFALO, N. Y. 






Also "HOTEL. POMENAH, Milford Springs, N. H. Post Office and 
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from Boston. Open from July to November. 

C. A. GLEASON, Manager. BARNES & DUNKLEE, Proprietors. 



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HOTEL, POMEIVAIT —Milford Springs, N. H. Post Office and Tele, 
graph, address, Amherst Station, JY. H., B. & L. R. R. 48 Miles from 
Boston. Open July to November, 


C. A. GLEASON, Manager. BARNES & DUNKLEE, of the Brunswick, Proprietors. 



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THE 


PHOENIX 

Insurance Company, 

OF HARTFORD, CONN. 


Cash Capital, - • $2,000,000.00 

Losses Paid Since Organization of Company, 
over $21,455,004.16, 


STATEMENT, JANUARY 1, 1887. 


Cash Capital, 

Reserve for Unadjusted Losses, 
Reserve for Re-Insurance, - 
Net Surplus, 


$2,000,000.00 
203,590.30 
- 1,483,992.64 
1,022,345.67 


Total Assets, - - - $4,709,928.61 


H. KELLOGG-, President. I A. W. JILLSON, Vice-President. 

D. W. C. SKILTON, Secretary. | G. H. BURDICK, Ass’t Secretary. 


WESTERN DEPARTMENT. 

H. M. MAGILL, General Agent, - - Cincinnati, Ohio. 

THEO. F. SPEAR, Ass’t General Agent, - Cincinnati, Ohio. 


PACIFIC DEPARTMENT. 

A. E. MAGILL, General Agent, - - San Francisco, Cal. 


BRANCH OFFICE: 

NEW YORK CITY, 158 BROADWAY, 

GEO, M. COIT, Resident Agent. 






















































